respectfully intended to persuade people. Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that it goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances—real or fictional—that are similar to our own circumstances. Such is the purpose of both historical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or symbolically how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstances. A speech attempting to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to such hopes and fears.
Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the "scientific" view leaves out. If it is a weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action, must either be liars themselves or be very naive; pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic.Which of the following persuasive devices is NOT used in the passage
A.A sample of an actual speech delivered by an orator
B.The contrast of different points of view
C.The repetition of key ideas and expressions
D.An analogy that seeks to explain logical argument
延伸阅读
你可能感兴趣的试题
Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it"s less than $5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $5,000, or your company doesn"t offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you"re eligible for at the plan"s normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You"ll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.
What if you left a job years ago, and you"re realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.
If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan"s normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three years early, you"d get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.
But that"s not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.
When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you"re 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you"ll have only about half of what you would have had if you"d kept working until 65.Which of the following is NOT true
A.If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won"t get a pension worth 27/30ths
B.It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works
C.The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover last benefits
D.If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won"t be severely affected
This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little beating on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart"s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits—the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach—in strikingly original ways.Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage
A.Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modem composers, such as Stravinsky, did not transcend existing musical forms
B.In similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generation of great European composers
C.Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi
D.By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature
热门相关试卷
最新相关试卷