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下图表示的是作业中进程的状态转换图，则图中的X处指的是（）

下面所给出的算法的时间复杂度为（）。(n为大于1的数)
x=n；y=1；
while(x＞y*y)
y++；

在下列流程图中（）永远不会正常结束。

对长度为N的线性表进行查找，若采用顺序查找法，那么在最坏情况下所需要的比较次数为（）；若采用折半查找法，那么在最坏隋况下所需比较的次数为（）。

数据库管理系统（DBMS）是位于（）之间的—层管理软件，它是一种（）的数据。

实体完整性约束指的是（），参照完整性约束指的是（）。

我们用的掌上电脑通常采用的是（），其典型特性有（）。 
①完成某一项或有限项功能，不是通用型的 
②在性能和实时性方面有严格的限制 
③能源、成本和可靠性通常是影响设计的重要因素，占有资源少，易于连接 
④系统功能可针对需求进行裁剪、调整和生成，以便满足最终产品的设计要求

我们常用的数据模型类型有层次模型、网状模型、关系模型和面向对象模型四种。（）是数据库系统中最早出现的数据模型，其数据库系统的典型代表是IBM公司的IMS（Information Management Systems）数据库管理系统；而（）是使用最广的数据模型。

As mentioned above, C imposes relatively few built - in ways of doing things on the program- mer. Some common tasks, such as manipulating (66) ,  (67) , and doing (68)  (I/O), are performed by calling on library functions. Other tasks which you might want to do, such as creating or listing directories, or interacting with a mouse, or displaying windows or other  (69) elements, or doing color graphics, are not defined by the C language at all. You can do these things from a C program, of course, but you will be calling on services which are peculiar to your programming environment (70) , processor, and operating system) and which are not defined by the C standard. Since this course is about portable C programming, it will also be steering clear of facilities not provided in all C environments.

The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel of UNIX is the （） of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to （） .
The shell acts as an （） between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the （）  program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line （） (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carded out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the shell gives the user another prompt (% on our systems).

根据数据模型的应用目的不同，数据模型可分为（）；而根据数据结构的类型，数据模型又可分为（）。

我们用的掌上电脑通常采用的是（），其典型特性有（）。 
①完成某一项或有限项功能，不是通用型的 
②在性能和实时性方面有严格的限制 
③能源、成本和可靠性通常是影响设计的重要因素，占有资源少，易于连接 
④系统功能可针对需求进行裁剪、调整和生成，以便满足最终产品的设计要求

数据库管理系统（DBMS）是位于（）之间的—层管理软件，它是一种（）的数据。

我们常用的数据模型类型有层次模型、网状模型、关系模型和面向对象模型四种。（）是数据库系统中最早出现的数据模型，其数据库系统的典型代表是IBM公司的IMS（Information Management Systems）数据库管理系统；而（）是使用最广的数据模型。

The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel of UNIX is the （） of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to （） .
The shell acts as an （） between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the （）  program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line （） (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carded out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the shell gives the user another prompt (% on our systems).

实体完整性约束指的是（），参照完整性约束指的是（）。

对长度为N的线性表进行查找，若采用顺序查找法，那么在最坏情况下所需要的比较次数为（）；若采用折半查找法，那么在最坏隋况下所需比较的次数为（）。

若采用折半查找法，那么在最坏隋况下所需比较的次数为（）。

根据数据模型的应用目的不同，数据模型可分为（）；而根据数据结构的类型，数据模型又可分为（）。

As mentioned above, C imposes relatively few built - in ways of doing things on the program- mer. Some common tasks, such as manipulating (66) ,  (67) , and doing (68)  (I/O), are performed by calling on library functions. Other tasks which you might want to do, such as creating or listing directories, or interacting with a mouse, or displaying windows or other  (69) elements, or doing color graphics, are not defined by the C language at all. You can do these things from a C program, of course, but you will be calling on services which are peculiar to your programming environment (70) , processor, and operating system) and which are not defined by the C standard. Since this course is about portable C programming, it will also be steering clear of facilities not provided in all C environments.

As mentioned above, C imposes relatively few built - in ways of doing things on the program- mer. Some common tasks, such as manipulating (66) ,  (67) , and doing (68)  (I/O), are performed by calling on library functions. Other tasks which you might want to do, such as creating or listing directories, or interacting with a mouse, or displaying windows or other  (69) elements, or doing color graphics, are not defined by the C language at all. You can do these things from a C program, of course, but you will be calling on services which are peculiar to your programming environment (70) , processor, and operating system) and which are not defined by the C standard. Since this course is about portable C programming, it will also be steering clear of facilities not provided in all C environments.

The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel of UNIX is the （） of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to （） .
The shell acts as an （） between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the （）  program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line （） (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carded out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the shell gives the user another prompt (% on our systems).

As mentioned above, C imposes relatively few built - in ways of doing things on the program- mer. Some common tasks, such as manipulating (66) ,  (67) , and doing (68)  (I/O), are performed by calling on library functions. Other tasks which you might want to do, such as creating or listing directories, or interacting with a mouse, or displaying windows or other  (69) elements, or doing color graphics, are not defined by the C language at all. You can do these things from a C program, of course, but you will be calling on services which are peculiar to your programming environment (70) , processor, and operating system) and which are not defined by the C standard. Since this course is about portable C programming, it will also be steering clear of facilities not provided in all C environments.

The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel of UNIX is the （） of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to （） .
The shell acts as an （） between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the （）  program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line （） (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carded out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the shell gives the user another prompt (% on our systems).

（）是关系数据库的标准语言，它主要由（）和一些其它语言要素组成。

The UNIX operating system is made up of three parts; the kernel, the shell and the programs. The kernel of UNIX is the （） of the operating system: it allocates time and memory to programs and handles the filestore and communications in response to （） .
The shell acts as an （） between the user and the kernel. When a user logs in, the （）  program checks the username and password, and then starts another program called the shell. The shell is a command line （） (CLI). It interprets the commands the user types in and arranges for them to be carded out. The commands are themselves programs: when they terminate, the shell gives the user another prompt (% on our systems).

（）是关系数据库的标准语言，它主要由（）和一些其它语言要素组成。

As mentioned above, C imposes relatively few built - in ways of doing things on the program- mer. Some common tasks, such as manipulating (66) ,  (67) , and doing (68)  (I/O), are performed by calling on library functions. Other tasks which you might want to do, such as creating or listing directories, or interacting with a mouse, or displaying windows or other  (69) elements, or doing color graphics, are not defined by the C language at all. You can do these things from a C program, of course, but you will be calling on services which are peculiar to your programming environment (70) , processor, and operating system) and which are not defined by the C standard. Since this course is about portable C programming, it will also be steering clear of facilities not provided in all C environments.