Furthermore, humans have the ability t...

问答题 Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. (61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more hannonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. "Anthropology." derives from the Greek words anthropos" human" and logos" the study of. "Bv its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences. (62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. (63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. (64) Tylor defined culture as"... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. " This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (65) Thus, the anthropological concept of" culture, "like the concept of" set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies

参考答案：61、而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类独特的想法和喜好。

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1.问答题You borrowed some recent issues of U. S. business magazine from your professor a month ago, but delayed returning them. Write a letter of apology to your professor, stating your reasons for the delay and expressing your thanks.　　Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

参考答案：Dear Professor，　　
The issues of U．S．business magazine ...

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2.单项选择题 News reports often focus on disputes among scientists over the validity of preliminary (untested) data, hypotheses, and models (which by definition are tentative). This aspect of science-　1　because it has not been widely　2　and accepted-is called frontier science. The media　3　to focus on frontier science because its so-called "breakthroughs" make good news stories. Just because something is in the　4　of frontier science,　5　, does not mean that it isn’’t worthy of serious consideration;　6　, such matters need further study to determine their　7　. 　　　8　contrast, consensus science consists of data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted. This aspect of science is very reliable but is　9　considered newsworthy. The trouble is that the word science is used to　10　both frontier and consensus science, without　11　The media preference　12　frontier science gives the public the　13　impression that frontier science　14　very certain conclusions, which may or may not be correct. 　　However,　15　some frontier science is later shown to be unreliable, members of the public often falsely　16　that consensus science is also quite uncertain. We need to take both frontier and consensus science　17　but recognize their differences. One way to find out what scientists generally agree　18　is to seek out reports by scientific bodies that attempt to　19　consensus in　20　areas of science and technology.
Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points).1（）

A．controversial
B．suspicious
C．debatable
D．untrustworthy

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3.单项选择题Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’’t know for sure That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’’s report: "Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions." Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’’ s obvious that a majority of the president’’s advisers still don’’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research―a classic case of "paralysis by analysis." To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that

A． there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
B．the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
C．people had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
D．antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.

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4.问答题 (1) effect of the country’’s growing human population on its wildlife
(2) possible reason for the effect
(3) your suggestion for wildlife protection

参考答案：The two graphs here indicate the relation between the popula...

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5.单项选择题A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’’s best, its workers were the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. 　　It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics ,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’’s LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty. 　　All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. 　　How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted, "according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’’s Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington D. C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States." The U. S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because__________.

A． it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
B．its domestic market was eight times larger than before
C．the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
D．the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy

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