Which of the following is presented in...

单项选择题Large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece.
Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs--societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek "historian" of the fifth century B. C, who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle.
Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact--real Amazonian societies--but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greek heroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices.
Thus, I would argue the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.
Which of the following is presented in the passages as evidence supporting the author’s view of the ancient Greeks’ descriptions of the Amazons

A．The requirement that Sauromatae women kill in battle before marrying.
B．The failure of historians to verify that women were ever governors of ancient societies.
C．The classing of Amazons as giants and centaurs.
D．The well-established unreliability of Herodotus as a source of information about ancient societies.

点击查看答案&解析

你可能感兴趣的试题

1.单项选择题 Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.The following is free EXCEPT ______.

A．dental treatment
B．casualty treatment
C．emergency treatment
D．all the treatment at a public hospital

点击查看答案

2.单项选择题The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and cubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.
He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.
The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was ＄76,000 and the lowest was ＄68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snortihg. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to＄23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.
Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.
Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar- a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his, watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.
Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.
According to the passage, the main reason Lama Quin was there at the interview was that______.

A．his image could help impress McDereer
B．he would soon become a partner himself
C．he was good at interviewing applicants
D．his background was similar to MeDereer’s

点击查看答案&解析

3.单项选择题The world’s last known case of smallpox was reported in Somalia, the Horn of Africa, in October 1977. The victim was a young cook called Ali Maow Maalin. His case becomes a landmark in medical history, for smallpox is the first communicable disease ever to be eradicated.
The remarkable campaign to free the world of smallpox has been led by the World Health Organization. The Hom of Africa, embracing the Ogaden region of Ethiopia and Somalia, was one of the last few smallpox ridden areas of the world when the WHO-sponsored Smallpox Eradication Programme (SEP) got underway there in 1971.
Many of the 25 million inhabitants, mostly farmers and nomads living in a wildness of desert, bush and mountains, already had smallpox. The problem of tracing the disease in such formidable country was exacerbated further by the continuous warfare in the area.
The programme concentrated on an imaginative policy of "search and containment." Vaccination was used to reduce the widespread incidence of the disease, but the success of the campaign depended on the work of volunteers. These were men paid by the day, who walked hundreds of miles in search of "rumours"—information about possible smallpox cases.
Often these rumours turned out to be cases of measles, chicken pox or syphilis-but nothing could be left to chance. As the campaign progressed the disease was gradually brought under control. By September 1976 the SEP made its first report that no new cases had been reported. But that first optimism was short-lived. A three-year-old girl called Amina Salat, from a dusty village in the Ogaden in the south-east of Ethiopia, had given smallpox to a young nomad visitor. Leaving the village the nomad had walked across the border into Somalia. There he infected 3,000 people, and among them had been the cook, Ali. It was a further 14 months before the elusive "target zero"—no further cases—was reached.
Even now, the search continues in "high risk" areas and in parts of the country unchecked for some time. The flow of rumours has now diminished to a trickle--but each must still be checked by a qualified person.
Victory is in sight, but two years must pass since the" last case" before an International Commission can declare that the world is entirely free from smallpox.
Nowadays, smallpox investigations are only carried out______.

A．at regular two-year intervals
B．when news of an outbreak occurs
C．in those areas with previous history of the disease
D．by trained professionals

点击查看答案&解析

4.单项选择题In a country which must certainly have been a long way away from where we Rumanians live, all the young people decided to kill all the old people. It’s an old, old story... What was the use of their going on living with white beards and all They had lived their life, they’d had their time and that was that. Anyone who reached the age of fifty or a bit over—he was to be done away with.
Lots of wise old men were killed and lots of wisdom passed away with them.
Only one kind-hearted young man, so they say, took pity on his father; after all, he owed his life to him in the first place. So he hid him away in a cellar and took care of him.
Time passed and a terrible drought came. Meadows and plough lands shriveled and withered and all the springs dried up. There was terrible famine, and sickness and all kinds of troubles came upon the young people thick and fast, and their hair began to go white before its time.
They would have put up with everything as best they could, but more and worse troubles followed. The snow melted and spring was upon them without their having a single grain of seed to put in the ground.
They scraped the floors of all the barns that used to be stacked so high they could hardly hold all the grain. All the king’s councilors held long talks with the king but there was nothing they could do to get themselves out of their terrible trouble. From bishop to farm worker the whole people were overcome with horror and fear at the thought that spring had come and there was nothing to sow their fields with.
The old man hidden in the cellar could see that his son was going about looking miserable all the. time. One day he asked him: "What’s making you look so thoughtful, my boy Has anyone done you any harm Are you in trouble Tell your father all about it. He may be able to help you, even if it’s only with words."
The son told him all the troubles straight away, from beginning to end. The old man thought for a little and then he said: "Don’t tell anybody anything for the time being. But when the last patches of snow melt on the fields, take your plough and go and plough up the lane in front of your house. Rake it over after that and.., stop worrying. "The boy followed the advice the old man had given him and what did he see There came a quick spring rain and out of the ground there began to sprout wheat and maize, oats and barley and even beans and peas in some places. It seemed so wonderful that news of it spread up and down the country. It was a thing no one had ever heard of—a man’s reaping where he hadn’t sown.
Of course the king got to hear of it too. He quickly ordered the lad to be brought before him. So he presented himself and of course he was now considered to be the wisest of the wise.
"What did you do How did you do it Who told you what to do" The king started asking him questions at once. All these questions confused the boy and he was afraid so he didn’t tell him the true answer straight off. But in the end he admitted what had happened.
"Bring me your father here," the king ordered. So the old man was brought along too.
"Well, your Majesty, just think how many seeds drop on the ground when people carry them home on their carts."
The old fellow was given a royal reward; he had saved the life of the whole nation and so the boy was pardoned too for not killing him.
And ever since then, my friends, they haven’t killed the old men any more.
What was the advice the old man gave to his son

A．To pick up the grain that was dropped on the ground.
B．To plough up the land under his roof.
C．To plough up the lane in front of his house.
D．To plough up the long field where there might be grain.

点击查看答案&解析

5.单项选择题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14th century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for "man". But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.
In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behaviour in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry One another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery. It wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families.
But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent’s largest minority. The exact number is hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. "Romanestan" said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, "is where my two feet stand. \
According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of ______.

A．language
B．culture
C．identity
D．custom

点击查看答案&解析

6.单项选择题 Questions 9 to 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.
Now listen to the news.Which of the following has resulted from the Arabian people’s anger over the abuse

A．Six American soldiers were charged.
B．Some American soldiers were attacked.
C．An advisor to President Bush was reprimanded.
D．President Bush was asked to make an apology.

点击查看答案

7.填空题 How to Present a Seminar Paper
To involve their students more actively in the learning process, many
university teachers usually conduct seminars, in which one student is asked to
give his ideas on a certain topic and other students discuss the ideas.
There are two stages involved in presenting a paper at a seminar. One
is the (1)______stage which includes researching and writing up a topic. (1) ______
The other stage is the presentation stage when you actually present the paper
to the audience.
Two ways in which you can present your paper: a. (2) ______copies (2) ______
of your paper beforehand to all the participants so that they could read it
before the seminar and know about your ideas, b. Reading it aloud to the (3) ______
who are likely to make their own notes. Comparatively (3) ______
speaking, the first method is the more (4) ______way of conducting a (4) ______
seminar. However, you will have to introduce your paper at a seminar
because the participants may have forgotten about your ideas or because they
may have no time to read your paper.
Nine points you have to follow when introducing your paper:
1) Decide on a time (5) ______for your talk and stick to it. (5) ______
2) Write out your spoken presentation in the way you are going to speak.
3) Stick to the major points and(6) ______details. (6) ______
4) Do your best to make your presentation interesting, but do not
tell jokes and (7) ______. (7) ______
5) Write out and (8) ______what you intend to say until you would (8) ______
not make any error.
6) Make (9) ______notes se that you can find your way easily from it (9) ______
to the full notes when you forget something.
7) Speak from the outline notes at the seminar.
8) Make eye contact with your audience and judge their (10) ______. (10) ______
9) Repeat your main points briefly and invite questions or comments in
order to make a strong ending.

参考答案：group/participants/audience

8.单项选择题 Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.Which of the following is true of the patient who has registered for the National Health Service according to the officer

A．He will have to pay the cost of medicines.
B．He will have to pay for the consultations with doctors.
C．He will have to pay the full cost of all their treatments.
D．He will have to consult with a doctor’s receptionist before treatment.

点击查看答案

9.单项选择题 Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.
Now listen to the news.How many militants were killed in Wednesday’s attacks

A．10.
B．20.
C．At least 40.
D．At least 60.

点击查看答案

10.单项选择题The senior partner, Oliver Lambert, studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y. McDeere, at least not on paper. He had the brains, the ambition, the good looks. And he was hungry; with his background, he had to be. He was married, and that was mandatory. The firm had never hired an unmarried lawyer, and it frowned heavily on divorce, as well as womanizing and drinking. Drug testing was in the contract. He had a degree in accounting, passed the CPA exam the first time he took it and wanted to be a tax lawyer, which of course was a requirement with a tax firm. He was white, and the firm had never hired a black. They managed this by being secretive and cubbish and never soliciting job applications. Other firms solicited, and hired blacks. This firm recruited, and remained lily white. Plus, the firm was in Memphis, and the top blacks wanted New York or Washington or Chicago. McDeere was a male, and there were no women in the firm. That mistake had been made in the mid-seventies when they recruited the number one grad from Harvard, who happened to be a she and a wizard at taxation. She lasted four turbulent years and was killed in a car wreck.
He looked good, on paper. He was their top choice. In fact, for this year there were no other prospects. The list was very short. It was McDeere, or no one.
The managing partner, Royce McKnight, studied a dossier labeled "Mitchell Y. McDeere-Harvard." An inch thick with small print and a few photographs; it had been prepared by some ex-CIA agents in a private intelligence outfit in Bethesda. They were clients of the firm and each year did the investigating for no fee. It was easy work, they said, checking out unsuspecting law students. They learned, for instance, that he preferred to leave the Northeast, that he was holding three job offers, two in New York and one in Chicago, and that the highest offer was ＄76,000 and the lowest was ＄68,000. He was in demand. He had been given the opportunity to cheat on a securities exam during his second year. He declined, and made the highest grade in the class. Two months ago he had been offered cocaine at a law school party. He said no and left when everyone began snortihg. He drank an occasional beer, but drinking was expensive and he had no money. He owed close to＄23,000 in student loans. He was hungry.
Royce McKnight flipped through the dossier and smiled. McDeere was their man.
Lamar Quin was thirty-two and not yet a partner. He had been brought along to look young and act young and project a youthful image for Bendini, Lambert & Locke, which in fact was a young firm, since most of the partners retired in their late forties or early fifties with money to bum. He would make partner in this firm. With a six-figure income guaranteed for the rest of his life, Lamar could enjoy the twelve-hundred-dollar tailored suits that hung so comfortably from his tall, athletic frame. He strolled nonchalantly across the thousand-dollar- a-day suite and poured another cup of decaf. He checked his, watch. He glanced at the two partners sitting at the small conference table near the windows.
Precisely at two-thirty someone knocked on the door. Lamar looked at the parmers, who slid the resume and dossier into an open briefcase. All three reached for their jackets. Immar buttoned his top button and opened the door.
The details of the private investigation show that the firm______.

A．was interested in his family background
B．intended to check out his other job offers
C．wanted to know something about his preference
D．was interested in any personal detail of the man

点击查看答案&解析

延伸阅读

你可能感兴趣的试题