The interview—about 3 minutes
In this part interlocutor asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You in this part have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.
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PART THREE
·Read the article below about public relations. For each question 13-18, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.
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Public Relations A company does not function in a vacuum, but rather as part of a society. That society consists of the people who work for it, the people and companies that do business with it, the public at large, and the government that regulates and taxes it. These groups are known as a company’s "publics." In order for a company to deal with these publics effectively, a relationship of trust must exist. Employees will not cooperate with or put forth their best efforts for a company that they do not trust or that they fed is taking advantage of them. The public will not buy products or services from a company that, in their view, is not responsible or trustworthy. And the government, as the protector of the society it governs, is especially vigilant in dealing with a company that it regards as not operating in the public interest. Given these circumstances, every business, whether it is a giant corporation or a small factory, a five-star hotel or a roadside tavern, needs to give some thought to the relationship it has with all the various publics it interacts with. The techniques that a company uses to improve these relationships are known as "public relations", also called "PR". The goal of public relations is usually to improve the climate or atmosphere in which a company operates. Here are some results a company might expect from a successful public relations campaign: ·Its products and services are better known. ·Its relationship with employees has improved. ·Its public reputation has improved. A successful public relations campaign can get people to do something that will help a company, stop them from doing something that might hurt it, or at least allow the company to proceed with a course of action without criticism. "An organization with good public relations has a favourable image or reputation, perhaps as a result of pubic relations activities." Says Richard Weiner, a noted and award-winning public relations counselor. In developing and implementing public relations plans, companies often use a simple five-step process: research or fact finding, planning, action, communication, and evaluation. A classic example of public relation at work is McDonald’s. it has always been important to McDmald’s to be known as a company that values cleanliness. Indeed, founder Ray Kroc emphasized cleanliness along with quality, service, and value as being the four most important things in any McDonald’s operation. For that reason, Kroc instructed the first McDonald’s franchisees to pick up all litter within a two block radius of their stores, whether it was McDonald’s litter or not. The company also did many other things to help protect the environment. In 1990, it announced a program called McRecycle in which McDonald’s committed itself to buy ＄ 100 million in recycled materials for use in building and remodeling its restaurants. It is important to understand the role public relations has played in all the company’s decisions. McDonald’s has always been socially responsible and extremely concealed about its image. These two facts are part and parcel of its public relationships. To McDonald’s, public relationships activities go much deeper than simply sending out press releases and having corporate officers serve on various charitable boards. The company understands that real public relations means taking significant actions first, then announcing them to the public. Without the first step, the second would be meaningless. Many companies do not understand this basic principle: If you want to make news, you must first do something newsworthy. |
A．its high quality products
B．the fame of its executives
C．its public relation activities
D．its relationship with the government
The Securities Exchange
When people buy stock, most do so through one of the securities exchanges or marketplaces for stocks and bonds. These marketplaces are commonly called "stock exchanges" and they provide a meeting place for both the buyer and seller. To understand why such securities or stock exchanges are important in the purchase and sale of stocks and bonds, consider what would happen if you, and everyone who wanted do buy (or sell) securities, had to find your own buyer (or seller). If the market is going down the only way to recover your investment is to hang on to the stock and wait for it to come back. More importantly, how would you find out who is interested in selling that stock to you (or buying it from you) In order to handle this marketing problem, securities exchanges sprung up. These exchanges are nothing more than locations where stocks are bought and sold. And since there is a common meeting place for there (or send their representatives). The result is a very systematic market process, where transations are handled in an orderly manner and the operations are both supervised and regulated by law. (8)
Buying and Selling Securities
The general approach in buying and selling securities, regardless of the exchange where they are purchased, is basically the same, We provide a general picture of how security transactions take place; and for a fuller understanding, we will discuss some of the important terminology and functions of security trading. (9)
How would you go about buying stock in a major corporation It’s really quite simple. First, you would decide what you want to buy—such as 100 shares of IBM. (10)
Assuming your broker works for a major stock brokerage, the order would be telephoned directly to a company clerk on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. The clerk would hand the order to a member of the Exchange who is a partner in the brokerage. This individual would then go to the appropriate locale on the trading floor and ask for the latest quote on IBM. Let us say it is "70 to a quarter." (11)
If your broker wants, a sale can be struck at ＄ 70.25 since the order calls for a purchase at the current market price. More likely, however, your broker will bid ＄ 70.125 and hope to save you one eighth of a point or ＄ 12.50. And it is likely that another broker with an order to sell will show up and accept the bid of ＄ 70 1/8. The two brokers will then initial each other’s sales orders and see that the transaction is relayed to the exchange employee known as the reporter. The reporter sees that the sale is reported and a few minutes later it will come out on the ticker tape.
Bulls and Bears
What does "a bull" mean It is a term that is used to refer to an invester who expects prices to rise.
(12)
Of course, the market will not always rise. Sometimes stocks drop and remain low for extended periods of time. Those investors who expect stock prices to decline are known as "bears." During the Great Depression, the bears made a great deal of money. While the bulls were "buying long" the bears were "selling short."
A. How would you know what a fair price for the security is
B. This means that someone is currently bidding "＄ 70 for the stock and another party is willing to sell at ＄ 70.25."
C. How stocks are actually purchased
D. "Bulls" buy in anticipation of the market going up.
E. In this way, the buyer (or seller) is ensured that the best price is secured and they are not shortchanged or cheated in any way.
F. Then you would place a call to your stockbroker, who would enter an order to buy the 100 shares at the current market price.
G. If the market is going down the only way to recover your investment is to hang on to the stock and wait for it to come back.
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