单项选择题Endangered Species
Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation. Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.
Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats. Drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small “islands” lose contact with other populations of their extinction.
Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement and support by the people and the courts. Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.
A．Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.
B．Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.
C．The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.
D．The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.
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2.单项选择题第三篇
Right and Wrong
Suppose you work in a library, checking people’s books as they leave, and a friend asks you to let him steel a hard-to-find reference book that he wants to own
You might hesitate to agree for various reasons. You might be afraid that he’ll be caught, and that both you and he will then get into trouble. You might want the book to stay in the library so that you can read it yourself.
But you may also think that what he proposes is wrong—that he shouldn’t do it and you shouldn’t help him. If you think that, what does it mean and what, if anything, makes it true
To say it’s wrong is not just to say it’s against the rules. There can be bad rules which stop what isn’t wrong—like a company rule against criticizing the boss. A rule can also be bad because it requires something that is wrong --- like a law that looks down upon black people in hotels and restaurants. The ideas of wrong and right are different from the ideas of what is and is not against the rules.
If you think it would be wrong to help your friend steal the book, then you will feel uncomfortable about doing it: in some way you won’t want to do it, even if you are also unwilling to refuse to help a friend. Where does the desire not to do it come from What is its motive behind it
There are various ways in which something can be wrong, but in this case, if you had to explain it, you’d probably say that it would be unfair to other users of the library. They may be just as interested in the book as your friend is, but read it in the reference room, where anyone who needs it can find it.
These thoughts have to deal with effects on others – not necessarily effects on their feelings, since they may never find out about it, but some kind of damage. In general, the thought that something is wrong depends on its impact not just on the person who does it but on other people.
A．he is afraid that his friend might get into trouble.
B．he himself might get into trouble.
C．he believes it is wrong to help one’s poor friend.
D．he wants to read the book himself.
3.单项选择题Choosing a Topic for Research
Because you are going to put a lot of your time and energy into your research project, the topic is especially important. In many instances your instructor may give a specific topic. If this is done, you have little choice, but most instructors will permit or even welcome a slightly changed focus in a topic if it is supported by good thinking.
In some of your classes, the instructor may present a suggested list of several topics from which you are to make a choice. If this is done, do not simply select the first idea that attracts your attention. It may be one with which you will soon become bored, or it may be one on which you would have difficulty finding all the necessary information. Looking at the topics, try to consider how you might go about developing each of them. When you find out what seems especially interesting and worthwhile, do a bit checking in the library to see if you can get the basic resources you will need.
Choosing a good research topic does not necessarily mean finding something that has a lot written about it. Many times you will have to research around a topic in order to find out the most useful information. Exciting and original topics often come to mind by combining two completely different interests. Let us say that you are interested in child psychology and in sports. Perhaps you can combine these into a study of the effect that is watching on the subject, you can research the topic individually and, by putting your information together, then draw a conclusion.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
4.单项选择题The Role of Governments
1 Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets. In addition, governments at all levels regulate economic behavior, setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses. Such regulations apply to all businesses; examples include laws against fraud and racial discrimination.
2 Governments buy and produce many goods and services, such as defense, education, parks and roads, which they provide for firms and households. They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate them. Governments also produce and sell goods. In many countries the phone company is government-owned, like the electric system.
3 Governments also make transfer payments, such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals. Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure for the purchase of final products. A firefighter’s salary is not a transfer payment, but welfare benefits are.
4 Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes, property taxes, social insurance taxes, and sales taxes. Over 60% of the government revenue in the U.S. is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city government.
5 Every market economy suffers from business cycles. Governments, through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money, often attempt to modify fluctuations in the business cycle. For instance, the government may reduce taxes in a recession in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.
A．Collecting Taxes
B．Making Transfer Payments
C．Making Laws and Regulations
D．Buying and Selling Goods and Services
E．Stabilizing the Economy
F．Controlling the Market
7.单项选择题Why does the author give some examples of bad rules
A．Because those rules are said to be strongly negative.
B．Because he wants to show that rules are not the criteria for judging right or wrong.
C．Because those rules are made in order to stop what is wrong.
D．Because he wants to support the argument that stealing a book is not a crime.
10.单项选择题Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A．Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.
B．Although some adults worry about the trend, few measures have been taken to ban on it.
C．Traditionally, the US people have been reserved about hugging between anybody.
D．In some countries, its usual for men to kiss each other on the cheek.