填空题Robot Management
A．Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. A Czech playwright, Karel Capek, gave them their name in 1920 (from the Slavonic word for "work"). An American writer, Isaac Asimov, confronted them with their most memorable dilemmas. Hollywood turned them into superheroes and supervillains. When some film critics drew up lists of Hollywood’s 50 greatest good guys and 50 greatest baddies, the only character to appear on both lists was a robot, the Terminator.
B．It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing auxiliary jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1m industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow’s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people, they will be free to wander.
C．America’s armed forces have blazed a trail here. They now have no fewer than 12,000 robots serving in their ranks. Peter Singer, of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank (智囊团), says mankind’s 5,000-year monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down. Recent additions to the battlefield include tiny "insects" that perform reconnaissance (侦查) missions and giant "dogs" to terrify enemies. The Pentagon is also working on the EATR, a robot that fuels itself by eating whatever biomass (生物量) it finds around it.
D．But the civilian world cannot be far behind. Who better to clean sewers or suck up nuclear waste than these remarkable machines The Japanese have made surprisingly little use of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, given their world leadership in this area. They say that they had the wrong sort of robots in the wrong places. But they have issued a global call for robotic assistance and are likely to put more robots to work shortly.
E．As robots advance into the service industries they are starting to look less like machines and more like living creatures. The Paro (made by AIST, a Japanese research agency) is shaped like a baby seal and responds to attention. Honda’s robot, ASIMO, is humanoid and can walk, talk and respond to commands.
F．Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous (无处不在的). Companies may need to rethink their strategies as they gain access to these new sorts of workers. Do they really need to outsource production to China, for example, when they have clever machines that work ceaselessly without pay They certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.
G．The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. But the Pentagon’s plans make all this a bit more complicated: many of its robots will be, in essence, killing machines.
H．A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites’ fears about mechanised looms. That worry takes on a particularly intense form when the machines come with a human face: Capek’s play that gave robots their name depicted a world in which they initially brought lots of benefits but eventually led to mass unemployment and discontent. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.
I．So, companies will need to work hard to persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers, not just job-eating aliens. They need to show employees that the robot sitting alongside them can be more of a helpmate than a threat. Audi has been particularly successful in introducing industrial robots because the carmaker asked workers to identify areas where robots could improve performance and then gave those workers jobs overseeing the robots. Employers also need to explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world: one reason why Germany has lost fewer such jobs than Britain is that it has five times as many robots for every 10,000 workers.
J．These two principles—don’t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies(层级) among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). So they are using game theory to make sure the robots can communicate with each other in egalitarian (平等的) ways. They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. So they are producing more complicated mathematical formulae in order that robots can constantly adjust themselves to human intentions. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century’s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.
Robots, who are considered as an engineering instead of a management problem, have been largely neglected by executives.
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2.填空题Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those questioned (26) win the "America’s Next Top Model" TV show than the Nobel Peace Prize.
And (27) 75 percent of women surveyed said they would be willing to shave their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a quarter of those (28) admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.
As for that age-old (29) of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (30) .
The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is targeted at young women, also found that 88 percent of 18-to 34-year-old women would happily (31) their cell phone, jewelry and makeup to keep a friendship.
"This survey reveals an interesting analysis of today’s woman and how she (32) her personal image with what she values in her life," said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the (33) new Oxygen series "Pretty Wicked".
"As shown in several results, women today are a complex combination of altruistic and materialistic, (34) and insecure, loyal and self-serving. This survey (35) the dichotomy (对分; 二分法) in all of us," Berman said.
More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll.Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those questioned (26) win the "America’s Next Top Model" TV show than the Nobel Peace Prize.
And (27) 75 percent of women surveyed said they would be willing to shave their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a quarter of those (28) admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.
As for that age-old (29) of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (30) .
The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is targeted at young women, also found that 88 percent of 18-to 34-year-old women would happily (31) their cell phone, jewelry and makeup to keep a friendship.
"This survey reveals an interesting analysis of today’s woman and how she (32) her personal image with what she values in her life," said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the (33) new Oxygen series "Pretty Wicked".
"As shown in several results, women today are a complex combination of altruistic and materialistic, (34) and insecure, loyal and self-serving. This survey (35) the dichotomy (对分; 二分法) in all of us," Berman said.
More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll. 3.填空题Robot Management
A．Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. A Czech playwright, Karel Capek, gave them their name in 1920 (from the Slavonic word for "work"). An American writer, Isaac Asimov, confronted them with their most memorable dilemmas. Hollywood turned them into superheroes and supervillains. When some film critics drew up lists of Hollywood’s 50 greatest good guys and 50 greatest baddies, the only character to appear on both lists was a robot, the Terminator.
B．It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing auxiliary jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1m industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow’s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people, they will be free to wander.
C．America’s armed forces have blazed a trail here. They now have no fewer than 12,000 robots serving in their ranks. Peter Singer, of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank (智囊团), says mankind’s 5,000-year monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down. Recent additions to the battlefield include tiny "insects" that perform reconnaissance (侦查) missions and giant "dogs" to terrify enemies. The Pentagon is also working on the EATR, a robot that fuels itself by eating whatever biomass (生物量) it finds around it.
D．But the civilian world cannot be far behind. Who better to clean sewers or suck up nuclear waste than these remarkable machines The Japanese have made surprisingly little use of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, given their world leadership in this area. They say that they had the wrong sort of robots in the wrong places. But they have issued a global call for robotic assistance and are likely to put more robots to work shortly.
E．As robots advance into the service industries they are starting to look less like machines and more like living creatures. The Paro (made by AIST, a Japanese research agency) is shaped like a baby seal and responds to attention. Honda’s robot, ASIMO, is humanoid and can walk, talk and respond to commands.
F．Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous (无处不在的). Companies may need to rethink their strategies as they gain access to these new sorts of workers. Do they really need to outsource production to China, for example, when they have clever machines that work ceaselessly without pay They certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.
G．The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. But the Pentagon’s plans make all this a bit more complicated: many of its robots will be, in essence, killing machines.
H．A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites’ fears about mechanised looms. That worry takes on a particularly intense form when the machines come with a human face: Capek’s play that gave robots their name depicted a world in which they initially brought lots of benefits but eventually led to mass unemployment and discontent. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.
I．So, companies will need to work hard to persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers, not just job-eating aliens. They need to show employees that the robot sitting alongside them can be more of a helpmate than a threat. Audi has been particularly successful in introducing industrial robots because the carmaker asked workers to identify areas where robots could improve performance and then gave those workers jobs overseeing the robots. Employers also need to explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world: one reason why Germany has lost fewer such jobs than Britain is that it has five times as many robots for every 10,000 workers.
J．These two principles—don’t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies(层级) among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). So they are using game theory to make sure the robots can communicate with each other in egalitarian (平等的) ways. They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. So they are producing more complicated mathematical formulae in order that robots can constantly adjust themselves to human intentions. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century’s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.
The fact that more and more human-like robots are used in workplaces will surely arouse reaction in a time of high unemployment. 5.填空题Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those questioned (26) win the "America’s Next Top Model" TV show than the Nobel Peace Prize.
And (27) 75 percent of women surveyed said they would be willing to shave their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a quarter of those (28) admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.
As for that age-old (29) of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (30) .
The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is targeted at young women, also found that 88 percent of 18-to 34-year-old women would happily (31) their cell phone, jewelry and makeup to keep a friendship.
"This survey reveals an interesting analysis of today’s woman and how she (32) her personal image with what she values in her life," said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the (33) new Oxygen series "Pretty Wicked".
"As shown in several results, women today are a complex combination of altruistic and materialistic, (34) and insecure, loyal and self-serving. This survey (35) the dichotomy (对分; 二分法) in all of us," Berman said.
More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll.Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those questioned (26) win the "America’s Next Top Model" TV show than the Nobel Peace Prize.
And (27) 75 percent of women surveyed said they would be willing to shave their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a quarter of those (28) admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.
As for that age-old (29) of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (30) .
The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is targeted at young women, also found that 88 percent of 18-to 34-year-old women would happily (31) their cell phone, jewelry and makeup to keep a friendship.
"This survey reveals an interesting analysis of today’s woman and how she (32) her personal image with what she values in her life," said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the (33) new Oxygen series "Pretty Wicked".
"As shown in several results, women today are a complex combination of altruistic and materialistic, (34) and insecure, loyal and self-serving. This survey (35) the dichotomy (对分; 二分法) in all of us," Berman said.
More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll. 6.填空题Robot Management
A．Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. A Czech playwright, Karel Capek, gave them their name in 1920 (from the Slavonic word for "work"). An American writer, Isaac Asimov, confronted them with their most memorable dilemmas. Hollywood turned them into superheroes and supervillains. When some film critics drew up lists of Hollywood’s 50 greatest good guys and 50 greatest baddies, the only character to appear on both lists was a robot, the Terminator.
B．It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing auxiliary jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1m industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow’s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people, they will be free to wander.
C．America’s armed forces have blazed a trail here. They now have no fewer than 12,000 robots serving in their ranks. Peter Singer, of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank (智囊团), says mankind’s 5,000-year monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down. Recent additions to the battlefield include tiny "insects" that perform reconnaissance (侦查) missions and giant "dogs" to terrify enemies. The Pentagon is also working on the EATR, a robot that fuels itself by eating whatever biomass (生物量) it finds around it.
D．But the civilian world cannot be far behind. Who better to clean sewers or suck up nuclear waste than these remarkable machines The Japanese have made surprisingly little use of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, given their world leadership in this area. They say that they had the wrong sort of robots in the wrong places. But they have issued a global call for robotic assistance and are likely to put more robots to work shortly.
E．As robots advance into the service industries they are starting to look less like machines and more like living creatures. The Paro (made by AIST, a Japanese research agency) is shaped like a baby seal and responds to attention. Honda’s robot, ASIMO, is humanoid and can walk, talk and respond to commands.
F．Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous (无处不在的). Companies may need to rethink their strategies as they gain access to these new sorts of workers. Do they really need to outsource production to China, for example, when they have clever machines that work ceaselessly without pay They certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.
G．The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. But the Pentagon’s plans make all this a bit more complicated: many of its robots will be, in essence, killing machines.
H．A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites’ fears about mechanised looms. That worry takes on a particularly intense form when the machines come with a human face: Capek’s play that gave robots their name depicted a world in which they initially brought lots of benefits but eventually led to mass unemployment and discontent. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.
I．So, companies will need to work hard to persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers, not just job-eating aliens. They need to show employees that the robot sitting alongside them can be more of a helpmate than a threat. Audi has been particularly successful in introducing industrial robots because the carmaker asked workers to identify areas where robots could improve performance and then gave those workers jobs overseeing the robots. Employers also need to explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world: one reason why Germany has lost fewer such jobs than Britain is that it has five times as many robots for every 10,000 workers.
J．These two principles—don’t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies(层级) among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). So they are using game theory to make sure the robots can communicate with each other in egalitarian (平等的) ways. They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. So they are producing more complicated mathematical formulae in order that robots can constantly adjust themselves to human intentions. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century’s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.
Companies should show their workers that robots can be more of a helper rather than a threat to them. 8.单项选择题Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization (最优化) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together, The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.The passage mainly discusses ______.
A．a tool to assist in making complex decisions
B．a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
C．research on how people make decisions
D．differences between making long-range and short-range decisionsA decision-making worksheet begins with succinct (简洁地) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long- range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career\
9.填空题Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those questioned (26) win the "America’s Next Top Model" TV show than the Nobel Peace Prize.
And (27) 75 percent of women surveyed said they would be willing to shave their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a quarter of those (28) admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.
As for that age-old (29) of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (30) .
The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is targeted at young women, also found that 88 percent of 18-to 34-year-old women would happily (31) their cell phone, jewelry and makeup to keep a friendship.
"This survey reveals an interesting analysis of today’s woman and how she (32) her personal image with what she values in her life," said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the (33) new Oxygen series "Pretty Wicked".
"As shown in several results, women today are a complex combination of altruistic and materialistic, (34) and insecure, loyal and self-serving. This survey (35) the dichotomy (对分; 二分法) in all of us," Berman said.
More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll.Women still have a complex and contradictory relationship with their own image according to a poll that found 25 percent of those questioned (26) win the "America’s Next Top Model" TV show than the Nobel Peace Prize.
And (27) 75 percent of women surveyed said they would be willing to shave their heads to save the life of a stranger; more than a quarter of those (28) admitted they would make their best friend fat for life, if it meant they could be thin.
As for that age-old (29) of whether to marry for wealth or looks, half of the 18- to 24-year-olds questioned said they would marry an ugly man if he were a (30) .
The poll for U.S. television network Oxygen, which is targeted at young women, also found that 88 percent of 18-to 34-year-old women would happily (31) their cell phone, jewelry and makeup to keep a friendship.
"This survey reveals an interesting analysis of today’s woman and how she (32) her personal image with what she values in her life," said Dr. Jenn Berman, psychotherapist and judge of the (33) new Oxygen series "Pretty Wicked".
"As shown in several results, women today are a complex combination of altruistic and materialistic, (34) and insecure, loyal and self-serving. This survey (35) the dichotomy (对分; 二分法) in all of us," Berman said.
More than 2,000 women aged 18-34 were interviewed for the poll. 10.填空题Robot Management
A．Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see them as the stuff of management fact. A Czech playwright, Karel Capek, gave them their name in 1920 (from the Slavonic word for "work"). An American writer, Isaac Asimov, confronted them with their most memorable dilemmas. Hollywood turned them into superheroes and supervillains. When some film critics drew up lists of Hollywood’s 50 greatest good guys and 50 greatest baddies, the only character to appear on both lists was a robot, the Terminator.
B．It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing auxiliary jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1m industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow’s robots will increasingly take on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people, they will be free to wander.
C．America’s armed forces have blazed a trail here. They now have no fewer than 12,000 robots serving in their ranks. Peter Singer, of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank (智囊团), says mankind’s 5,000-year monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down. Recent additions to the battlefield include tiny "insects" that perform reconnaissance (侦查) missions and giant "dogs" to terrify enemies. The Pentagon is also working on the EATR, a robot that fuels itself by eating whatever biomass (生物量) it finds around it.
D．But the civilian world cannot be far behind. Who better to clean sewers or suck up nuclear waste than these remarkable machines The Japanese have made surprisingly little use of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, given their world leadership in this area. They say that they had the wrong sort of robots in the wrong places. But they have issued a global call for robotic assistance and are likely to put more robots to work shortly.
E．As robots advance into the service industries they are starting to look less like machines and more like living creatures. The Paro (made by AIST, a Japanese research agency) is shaped like a baby seal and responds to attention. Honda’s robot, ASIMO, is humanoid and can walk, talk and respond to commands.
F．Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becoming too powerful and ubiquitous (无处不在的). Companies may need to rethink their strategies as they gain access to these new sorts of workers. Do they really need to outsource production to China, for example, when they have clever machines that work ceaselessly without pay They certainly need to rethink their human-resources policies—starting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources.
G．The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. Asimov laid down the basic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. But the Pentagon’s plans make all this a bit more complicated: many of its robots will be, in essence, killing machines.
H．A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites’ fears about mechanised looms. That worry takes on a particularly intense form when the machines come with a human face: Capek’s play that gave robots their name depicted a world in which they initially brought lots of benefits but eventually led to mass unemployment and discontent. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction.
I．So, companies will need to work hard to persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancers, not just job-eating aliens. They need to show employees that the robot sitting alongside them can be more of a helpmate than a threat. Audi has been particularly successful in introducing industrial robots because the carmaker asked workers to identify areas where robots could improve performance and then gave those workers jobs overseeing the robots. Employers also need to explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich world: one reason why Germany has lost fewer such jobs than Britain is that it has five times as many robots for every 10,000 workers.
J．These two principles—don’t let robots hurt or frighten people—are relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies(层级) among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). So they are using game theory to make sure the robots can communicate with each other in egalitarian (平等的) ways. They are keen to avoid duplication between robots and their human handlers. So they are producing more complicated mathematical formulae in order that robots can constantly adjust themselves to human intentions. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century’s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.
The Japanese didn’t use a lot of robots to clear up after the recent earthquake, considering their world leadership in the robot field.