单项选择题

Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem. In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resigned over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a visa for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled labour. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the government"s request. In America Bernard Kerik, the president"s nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny whose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadn"t paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other "issues" (an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would probably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years. There is an easy answer to the servant problem—obvious to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough to point it out in his report. Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. In the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.Which of the following can be inferred from the text

A.Getting visa for servants will not be a problem.
B.Sir Alan is qualified to be a dismal scientist.
C.The majority gets rid of the traditional solution.
D.Exporting jobs and fiddling the immigration system are detrimental.
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单项选择题

Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem. In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resigned over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a visa for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled labour. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the government"s request. In America Bernard Kerik, the president"s nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny whose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadn"t paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other "issues" (an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would probably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years. There is an easy answer to the servant problem—obvious to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough to point it out in his report. Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. In the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.According to the text, the servant problem is to the ruling class what

A.the political problem to the ruler.
B.the embarrassment to the home secretary.
C.the chronic ailment to the patient.
D.the government"s request to the economist.
单项选择题

The twin English passions for gardening and long muddy walks may seem puzzling to foreigners, yet they are easily explained in terms of a favourite economist"s concept: scarcity. Most other nations have lots of countryside. England doesn"t, and therefore its people prize the stuff. One consequence of the rural romance is a word which exists only in English and describes those with a particular sort of hostility to development: Nimbys, who don"t mind new housing so long as it is Not In My Back Yard. Another consequence is a problem for the government. Compared with its neighbours" economies, Britain"s has been doing very nicely in recent years. Only one big threat looms: the possibility of a bust in the overheated and volatile housing market, which could feed through to the rest of the economy and lead to recession, as happened in the early 1990s. The government reckons that one reason why house prices have been rising so fast, particularly in the south-east of England, is that, while real wages have been going up and foreigners pouring in, little new housing is being built. Nimbyism helps explain the shortage of new housing in the south-east. People living in pretty villages don"t want new estates on their doorstep. After all, they spent their hard-earned cash on a view of rolling acres, not of spanking new red-tiled roofs. Nimbys" hostility to development acquires legal force through the planning system, which has, in large part, been controlled by elected local authorities. Although some big new developments—including the first new towns since the early 1970s—are getting the go-ahead, others are hard-fought. The government"s solution is to undermine local planning powers. The new Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, which starts to come into force next month, shifts power from elected county councils to unelected regional bodies, and gives statutory force to the government"s estimates of the number of new houses needed in different bits of the country. That will make it harder for councils in overheated areas to turn down developers. The government is right that the planning system is excessively biased against growth: existing property-owners, who control the system through local authorities, have little interest in sanctioning developments which may reduce the value of their houses. But the government was wrong to go about lowering the barriers to development by talking power away from local authorities, thus further centralizing Britain"s already far-too-centralised political system.According to the text, Downing Street No. 10 is in an awkward predicament of

A.real estate development.
B.gardening expansion.
C.hostility to scarcity.
D.economic recession.
问答题

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Here"s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this etherial(轻飘的) creature is on a diet. She mustn"t eat this and she mustn"t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn"t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it"s the surest way to an early grave. (41)______. (42)______. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie(卡路里) charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for "health cures". For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don"t think it"s only the middle-aged who go in for these fats either. (43)______. (44)______. Well, for one thing, they"re always hungry. You can"t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. "Wonderfood is a complete food", the advertisement says. "Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water..." A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they"re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. (45)______. What"s all this self-inflicted torture for Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they ate out their plates and demand second helpings!A. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water, and the goodwill of God.B. Dieters deprive themselves of delicious food to attain a grace stature, but some people think it is miserable and foolish for them to do so.C. Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserableD. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.E. What an utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!F. People who are on a diet mustn"t have chocolate, and this is hard for some girls.G. What a miserable lot of dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces.

答案: 正确答案:G
单项选择题

Education is compulsory in Britain, whether at school "or otherwise"; and "other wise" is becoming more popular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune-Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total is probably nearer 50,000. As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching is illegal. In America, it"s huge: over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religious parents. There are a small minority among British home-educators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy at school. The growth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-education easier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers. It is also a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. That supplements e vents such as the annual home-education festival last week, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on a muddy hillside in Devon. But a bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralisation, government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools less customer friendly and more boring. Classes are still based strictly on age groups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average. Mr. Fortune-Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients" wishes about timing, venue and treatment. "It"s happened in health. Why can"t it happen in education" he asks. Perhaps because other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs, parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if that doesn"t work they vote with their (children"s) feet. Some educationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children"s psychological and educational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps both educational attainment and the course of grown-up life. Labour"s latest big idea in education is "personalisation", which is intended to al low much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might stem the drift to home—schooling. Many home-educators would like to be able to use school facilities occasionally—in science lessons, say, or to sit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopoly created by the rule of "all or nothing".The term "otherwise" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means

A.the education in a developed nation.
B.the wave of compulsory education.
C.the popularity of teaching at school.
D.the trend of home-schooling.
单项选择题

Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem. In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resigned over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a visa for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled labour. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the government"s request. In America Bernard Kerik, the president"s nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny whose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadn"t paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other "issues" (an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would probably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years. There is an easy answer to the servant problem—obvious to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough to point it out in his report. Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. In the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.In paragraph 1, "both sides of the Atlanti" probably refers to

A.the United States and United Kingdom.
B.the European and American.
C.the North America and Europe.
D.the North American continent and the British Isles.
单项选择题

The twin English passions for gardening and long muddy walks may seem puzzling to foreigners, yet they are easily explained in terms of a favourite economist"s concept: scarcity. Most other nations have lots of countryside. England doesn"t, and therefore its people prize the stuff. One consequence of the rural romance is a word which exists only in English and describes those with a particular sort of hostility to development: Nimbys, who don"t mind new housing so long as it is Not In My Back Yard. Another consequence is a problem for the government. Compared with its neighbours" economies, Britain"s has been doing very nicely in recent years. Only one big threat looms: the possibility of a bust in the overheated and volatile housing market, which could feed through to the rest of the economy and lead to recession, as happened in the early 1990s. The government reckons that one reason why house prices have been rising so fast, particularly in the south-east of England, is that, while real wages have been going up and foreigners pouring in, little new housing is being built. Nimbyism helps explain the shortage of new housing in the south-east. People living in pretty villages don"t want new estates on their doorstep. After all, they spent their hard-earned cash on a view of rolling acres, not of spanking new red-tiled roofs. Nimbys" hostility to development acquires legal force through the planning system, which has, in large part, been controlled by elected local authorities. Although some big new developments—including the first new towns since the early 1970s—are getting the go-ahead, others are hard-fought. The government"s solution is to undermine local planning powers. The new Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, which starts to come into force next month, shifts power from elected county councils to unelected regional bodies, and gives statutory force to the government"s estimates of the number of new houses needed in different bits of the country. That will make it harder for councils in overheated areas to turn down developers. The government is right that the planning system is excessively biased against growth: existing property-owners, who control the system through local authorities, have little interest in sanctioning developments which may reduce the value of their houses. But the government was wrong to go about lowering the barriers to development by talking power away from local authorities, thus further centralizing Britain"s already far-too-centralised political system.According to the text, Nimbys seems to reject

A.the renovation of the world heritages.
B.the demolition of their own houses.
C.the rejuvenation of their national economy.
D.the construction of new houses in their community.
单项选择题

Some things are doomed to remain imperfect, the United Nations among them. De spite noble aspirations, the organization that more than any other embodies the collective will and wisdom of an imperfect world was created, in the words of one former secretary general, not to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell. Is it failing in that task Alarmed at the bitter dispute over the war in Iraq, and at growing threats—from the devastation of AIDS and the danger of failing states to the prospect of terrorists armed with weapons of mass destruction—that the UN"s founding powers hadn"t even had night mares about, last year Kofi Annan, the current secretary-general, asked a group of eminent folk to put on their thinking caps. Their report on how the UN might in future better contribute to international peace and security—mobilising its own and the world"s re sources to prevent crises where possible and to deal with them more resolutely and effectively where necessary—is due for delivery in two weeks" time. Yet the thoughtful debate such proposals deserve risks getting lost in the poisonous war of words between UN-baiters and UN-boosters, and in the fisticuffs over what governments seem to care about most: who will get any extra seats that may be up for grabs on the Security Council. The might-is-always-righter brigade, who brush aside the UN as irrelevant in today"s world, are small in number but can seem troublingly influential. They are also dangerously shortsighted. Like other big powers, and plenty of smaller ones, America fosters the UN when it needs it, and sometimes circumvents it when it doesn"t. But wiser heads recognize that being the world"s most powerful country and top gun has its problems. With global interests and global reach, America is most often called on to right the world"s wrongs. It should have been interest in a rules-based system which keeps that burden to a minimum and finds ways for others, including the UN, to share it. What is more, as China, India, Japan and others put on economic and military muscle, having agreed rules for all to play by as much as possible makes strategic sense too. Yet the not-without-UN-approval school can be equally off the mark. For the system of international rules, treaties and laws is still a hodge-podge. Some, like the UN charter itself, are deemed universal, though they may at time be hotly disputed and sometimes ignored. Others, such as the prohibitions against proliferation of nuclear, chemical or bio logical weapons, are accepted by many, but not all. Some disputes can be settled in court—boundary disputes by the International Court of Justice, for example, accusations of war crimes or genocide by the International Criminal Court—but only where governments give the nod. For the rest, the UN Security Council is where most serious disputes end up. And there trouble can start. The council is not the moral conscience of the world. It is a collection of states pursuing divergent interests, albeit—one hopes—with a sense of responsibility. Where it can agree, consensus lends legitimacy to action. But should action always stop where consensus ends There was nothing high-minded about Russia"s refusal to countenance intervention in Kosovo in 1999 to end the Serb army"s ethnic cleansing there; it was simply protecting a friend. Might, concluded NATO governments in acting without council approval, is not always wrong. Over Iraq, it is debatable what did more damage: America"s failure to win support from the council before going to war anyway, or the hypocrisy that had allowed Iraq to flout all previous council resolutions with impunity.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that

A.UN is in an unprepared predicament.
B.noble aspirations take humanity to heaven.
C.UN is in an unprecedented dilemma.
D.former secretary-general saves human from hell.
问答题

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Here"s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this etherial(轻飘的) creature is on a diet. She mustn"t eat this and she mustn"t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn"t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it"s the surest way to an early grave. (41)______. (42)______. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie(卡路里) charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for "health cures". For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don"t think it"s only the middle-aged who go in for these fats either. (43)______. (44)______. Well, for one thing, they"re always hungry. You can"t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. "Wonderfood is a complete food", the advertisement says. "Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water..." A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they"re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. (45)______. What"s all this self-inflicted torture for Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they ate out their plates and demand second helpings!A. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water, and the goodwill of God.B. Dieters deprive themselves of delicious food to attain a grace stature, but some people think it is miserable and foolish for them to do so.C. Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserableD. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.E. What an utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!F. People who are on a diet mustn"t have chocolate, and this is hard for some girls.G. What a miserable lot of dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces.

答案: 正确答案:A
单项选择题

Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem. In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resigned over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a visa for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled labour. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the government"s request. In America Bernard Kerik, the president"s nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny whose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadn"t paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other "issues" (an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would probably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years. There is an easy answer to the servant problem—obvious to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough to point it out in his report. Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. In the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.Paragraph 2 and 3 are written to

A.explain Mr. Blunkett"s resignation.
B.refute the conclusion made by Mr. Kerit.
C.describe the president"s nomination.
D.illustrate the persistent servant problem.
单项选择题

Education is compulsory in Britain, whether at school "or otherwise"; and "other wise" is becoming more popular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune-Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total is probably nearer 50,000. As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching is illegal. In America, it"s huge: over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religious parents. There are a small minority among British home-educators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy at school. The growth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-education easier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers. It is also a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. That supplements e vents such as the annual home-education festival last week, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on a muddy hillside in Devon. But a bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralisation, government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools less customer friendly and more boring. Classes are still based strictly on age groups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average. Mr. Fortune-Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients" wishes about timing, venue and treatment. "It"s happened in health. Why can"t it happen in education" he asks. Perhaps because other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs, parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if that doesn"t work they vote with their (children"s) feet. Some educationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children"s psychological and educational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps both educational attainment and the course of grown-up life. Labour"s latest big idea in education is "personalisation", which is intended to al low much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might stem the drift to home—schooling. Many home-educators would like to be able to use school facilities occasionally—in science lessons, say, or to sit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopoly created by the rule of "all or nothing".The third statistics as pointed out in the opening paragraph, in view of Mr. Fortune Wood, is

A.the actual number of home-taught kids.
B.the total of the listed at present.
C.the additional sum of the unlisted home taught children.
D.the total number of school taught children.
单项选择题

The twin English passions for gardening and long muddy walks may seem puzzling to foreigners, yet they are easily explained in terms of a favourite economist"s concept: scarcity. Most other nations have lots of countryside. England doesn"t, and therefore its people prize the stuff. One consequence of the rural romance is a word which exists only in English and describes those with a particular sort of hostility to development: Nimbys, who don"t mind new housing so long as it is Not In My Back Yard. Another consequence is a problem for the government. Compared with its neighbours" economies, Britain"s has been doing very nicely in recent years. Only one big threat looms: the possibility of a bust in the overheated and volatile housing market, which could feed through to the rest of the economy and lead to recession, as happened in the early 1990s. The government reckons that one reason why house prices have been rising so fast, particularly in the south-east of England, is that, while real wages have been going up and foreigners pouring in, little new housing is being built. Nimbyism helps explain the shortage of new housing in the south-east. People living in pretty villages don"t want new estates on their doorstep. After all, they spent their hard-earned cash on a view of rolling acres, not of spanking new red-tiled roofs. Nimbys" hostility to development acquires legal force through the planning system, which has, in large part, been controlled by elected local authorities. Although some big new developments—including the first new towns since the early 1970s—are getting the go-ahead, others are hard-fought. The government"s solution is to undermine local planning powers. The new Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, which starts to come into force next month, shifts power from elected county councils to unelected regional bodies, and gives statutory force to the government"s estimates of the number of new houses needed in different bits of the country. That will make it harder for councils in overheated areas to turn down developers. The government is right that the planning system is excessively biased against growth: existing property-owners, who control the system through local authorities, have little interest in sanctioning developments which may reduce the value of their houses. But the government was wrong to go about lowering the barriers to development by talking power away from local authorities, thus further centralizing Britain"s already far-too-centralised political system.It can be inferred from the text that

A.unselected regional bodies side with Nimbys.
B.most of the first new towns get the go-ahead.
C.elected local authorities fuels the hostility to development.
D.local planning powers are undermined by Nimbyism.
单项选择题

Some things are doomed to remain imperfect, the United Nations among them. De spite noble aspirations, the organization that more than any other embodies the collective will and wisdom of an imperfect world was created, in the words of one former secretary general, not to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell. Is it failing in that task Alarmed at the bitter dispute over the war in Iraq, and at growing threats—from the devastation of AIDS and the danger of failing states to the prospect of terrorists armed with weapons of mass destruction—that the UN"s founding powers hadn"t even had night mares about, last year Kofi Annan, the current secretary-general, asked a group of eminent folk to put on their thinking caps. Their report on how the UN might in future better contribute to international peace and security—mobilising its own and the world"s re sources to prevent crises where possible and to deal with them more resolutely and effectively where necessary—is due for delivery in two weeks" time. Yet the thoughtful debate such proposals deserve risks getting lost in the poisonous war of words between UN-baiters and UN-boosters, and in the fisticuffs over what governments seem to care about most: who will get any extra seats that may be up for grabs on the Security Council. The might-is-always-righter brigade, who brush aside the UN as irrelevant in today"s world, are small in number but can seem troublingly influential. They are also dangerously shortsighted. Like other big powers, and plenty of smaller ones, America fosters the UN when it needs it, and sometimes circumvents it when it doesn"t. But wiser heads recognize that being the world"s most powerful country and top gun has its problems. With global interests and global reach, America is most often called on to right the world"s wrongs. It should have been interest in a rules-based system which keeps that burden to a minimum and finds ways for others, including the UN, to share it. What is more, as China, India, Japan and others put on economic and military muscle, having agreed rules for all to play by as much as possible makes strategic sense too. Yet the not-without-UN-approval school can be equally off the mark. For the system of international rules, treaties and laws is still a hodge-podge. Some, like the UN charter itself, are deemed universal, though they may at time be hotly disputed and sometimes ignored. Others, such as the prohibitions against proliferation of nuclear, chemical or bio logical weapons, are accepted by many, but not all. Some disputes can be settled in court—boundary disputes by the International Court of Justice, for example, accusations of war crimes or genocide by the International Criminal Court—but only where governments give the nod. For the rest, the UN Security Council is where most serious disputes end up. And there trouble can start. The council is not the moral conscience of the world. It is a collection of states pursuing divergent interests, albeit—one hopes—with a sense of responsibility. Where it can agree, consensus lends legitimacy to action. But should action always stop where consensus ends There was nothing high-minded about Russia"s refusal to countenance intervention in Kosovo in 1999 to end the Serb army"s ethnic cleansing there; it was simply protecting a friend. Might, concluded NATO governments in acting without council approval, is not always wrong. Over Iraq, it is debatable what did more damage: America"s failure to win support from the council before going to war anyway, or the hypocrisy that had allowed Iraq to flout all previous council resolutions with impunity.The phrase "put on their thinking caps" (Line 5, Paragraph 2) most probably means

A.try to solve problems.
B.risk their proposals.
C.strive to delay the events.
D.deserve economic and military muscle.
问答题

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Here"s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this etherial(轻飘的) creature is on a diet. She mustn"t eat this and she mustn"t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn"t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it"s the surest way to an early grave. (41)______. (42)______. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie(卡路里) charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for "health cures". For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don"t think it"s only the middle-aged who go in for these fats either. (43)______. (44)______. Well, for one thing, they"re always hungry. You can"t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. "Wonderfood is a complete food", the advertisement says. "Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water..." A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they"re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. (45)______. What"s all this self-inflicted torture for Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they ate out their plates and demand second helpings!A. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water, and the goodwill of God.B. Dieters deprive themselves of delicious food to attain a grace stature, but some people think it is miserable and foolish for them to do so.C. Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserableD. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.E. What an utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!F. People who are on a diet mustn"t have chocolate, and this is hard for some girls.G. What a miserable lot of dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces.

答案: 正确答案:C
单项选择题

Education is compulsory in Britain, whether at school "or otherwise"; and "other wise" is becoming more popular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune-Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total is probably nearer 50,000. As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching is illegal. In America, it"s huge: over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religious parents. There are a small minority among British home-educators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy at school. The growth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-education easier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers. It is also a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. That supplements e vents such as the annual home-education festival last week, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on a muddy hillside in Devon. But a bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralisation, government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools less customer friendly and more boring. Classes are still based strictly on age groups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average. Mr. Fortune-Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients" wishes about timing, venue and treatment. "It"s happened in health. Why can"t it happen in education" he asks. Perhaps because other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs, parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if that doesn"t work they vote with their (children"s) feet. Some educationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children"s psychological and educational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps both educational attainment and the course of grown-up life. Labour"s latest big idea in education is "personalisation", which is intended to al low much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might stem the drift to home—schooling. Many home-educators would like to be able to use school facilities occasionally—in science lessons, say, or to sit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopoly created by the rule of "all or nothing".Which of the following is true according to the text

A.Britain is the focal point in terms of geography.
B.The extremes of "otherwise" can not be found in UK.
C.Germany embraces the growth of second category.
D.Religious parents in America forbid "otherwise".
单项选择题

Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem. In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resigned over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a visa for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled labour. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the government"s request. In America Bernard Kerik, the president"s nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny whose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadn"t paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other "issues" (an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would probably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years. There is an easy answer to the servant problem—obvious to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough to point it out in his report. Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. In the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.How does the author feel about Mr. Alan

A.His dismal thought is impractical.
B.His relevant argument is acceptable.
C.His apparent solution is implausible.
D.His clear-sighted report is most trust-worthy.
单项选择题

The twin English passions for gardening and long muddy walks may seem puzzling to foreigners, yet they are easily explained in terms of a favourite economist"s concept: scarcity. Most other nations have lots of countryside. England doesn"t, and therefore its people prize the stuff. One consequence of the rural romance is a word which exists only in English and describes those with a particular sort of hostility to development: Nimbys, who don"t mind new housing so long as it is Not In My Back Yard. Another consequence is a problem for the government. Compared with its neighbours" economies, Britain"s has been doing very nicely in recent years. Only one big threat looms: the possibility of a bust in the overheated and volatile housing market, which could feed through to the rest of the economy and lead to recession, as happened in the early 1990s. The government reckons that one reason why house prices have been rising so fast, particularly in the south-east of England, is that, while real wages have been going up and foreigners pouring in, little new housing is being built. Nimbyism helps explain the shortage of new housing in the south-east. People living in pretty villages don"t want new estates on their doorstep. After all, they spent their hard-earned cash on a view of rolling acres, not of spanking new red-tiled roofs. Nimbys" hostility to development acquires legal force through the planning system, which has, in large part, been controlled by elected local authorities. Although some big new developments—including the first new towns since the early 1970s—are getting the go-ahead, others are hard-fought. The government"s solution is to undermine local planning powers. The new Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, which starts to come into force next month, shifts power from elected county councils to unelected regional bodies, and gives statutory force to the government"s estimates of the number of new houses needed in different bits of the country. That will make it harder for councils in overheated areas to turn down developers. The government is right that the planning system is excessively biased against growth: existing property-owners, who control the system through local authorities, have little interest in sanctioning developments which may reduce the value of their houses. But the government was wrong to go about lowering the barriers to development by talking power away from local authorities, thus further centralizing Britain"s already far-too-centralised political system.According to the text, the developer"s promise in the overheated areas results from

A.the discreet planning of big new developments.
B.the legal function empouered by the new move.
C.the substantial loss of unselected regional bodies.
D.the decline of new houses in different bits of the country.
问答题

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Here"s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this etherial(轻飘的) creature is on a diet. She mustn"t eat this and she mustn"t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn"t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it"s the surest way to an early grave. (41)______. (42)______. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie(卡路里) charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for "health cures". For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don"t think it"s only the middle-aged who go in for these fats either. (43)______. (44)______. Well, for one thing, they"re always hungry. You can"t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. "Wonderfood is a complete food", the advertisement says. "Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water..." A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they"re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. (45)______. What"s all this self-inflicted torture for Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they ate out their plates and demand second helpings!A. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water, and the goodwill of God.B. Dieters deprive themselves of delicious food to attain a grace stature, but some people think it is miserable and foolish for them to do so.C. Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserableD. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.E. What an utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!F. People who are on a diet mustn"t have chocolate, and this is hard for some girls.G. What a miserable lot of dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces.

答案: 正确答案:E
单项选择题

Some things are doomed to remain imperfect, the United Nations among them. De spite noble aspirations, the organization that more than any other embodies the collective will and wisdom of an imperfect world was created, in the words of one former secretary general, not to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell. Is it failing in that task Alarmed at the bitter dispute over the war in Iraq, and at growing threats—from the devastation of AIDS and the danger of failing states to the prospect of terrorists armed with weapons of mass destruction—that the UN"s founding powers hadn"t even had night mares about, last year Kofi Annan, the current secretary-general, asked a group of eminent folk to put on their thinking caps. Their report on how the UN might in future better contribute to international peace and security—mobilising its own and the world"s re sources to prevent crises where possible and to deal with them more resolutely and effectively where necessary—is due for delivery in two weeks" time. Yet the thoughtful debate such proposals deserve risks getting lost in the poisonous war of words between UN-baiters and UN-boosters, and in the fisticuffs over what governments seem to care about most: who will get any extra seats that may be up for grabs on the Security Council. The might-is-always-righter brigade, who brush aside the UN as irrelevant in today"s world, are small in number but can seem troublingly influential. They are also dangerously shortsighted. Like other big powers, and plenty of smaller ones, America fosters the UN when it needs it, and sometimes circumvents it when it doesn"t. But wiser heads recognize that being the world"s most powerful country and top gun has its problems. With global interests and global reach, America is most often called on to right the world"s wrongs. It should have been interest in a rules-based system which keeps that burden to a minimum and finds ways for others, including the UN, to share it. What is more, as China, India, Japan and others put on economic and military muscle, having agreed rules for all to play by as much as possible makes strategic sense too. Yet the not-without-UN-approval school can be equally off the mark. For the system of international rules, treaties and laws is still a hodge-podge. Some, like the UN charter itself, are deemed universal, though they may at time be hotly disputed and sometimes ignored. Others, such as the prohibitions against proliferation of nuclear, chemical or bio logical weapons, are accepted by many, but not all. Some disputes can be settled in court—boundary disputes by the International Court of Justice, for example, accusations of war crimes or genocide by the International Criminal Court—but only where governments give the nod. For the rest, the UN Security Council is where most serious disputes end up. And there trouble can start. The council is not the moral conscience of the world. It is a collection of states pursuing divergent interests, albeit—one hopes—with a sense of responsibility. Where it can agree, consensus lends legitimacy to action. But should action always stop where consensus ends There was nothing high-minded about Russia"s refusal to countenance intervention in Kosovo in 1999 to end the Serb army"s ethnic cleansing there; it was simply protecting a friend. Might, concluded NATO governments in acting without council approval, is not always wrong. Over Iraq, it is debatable what did more damage: America"s failure to win support from the council before going to war anyway, or the hypocrisy that had allowed Iraq to flout all previous council resolutions with impunity.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A.dishonesty is generally followed by impunity.
B.NATO"s assertion can hold water in terms of Kosovo.
C.America tailed to win approval from UN due lo Russia"s decline.
D.NATO"s conclusion contradicts UN basic principles.
单项选择题

Education is compulsory in Britain, whether at school "or otherwise"; and "other wise" is becoming more popular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune-Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total is probably nearer 50,000. As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching is illegal. In America, it"s huge: over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religious parents. There are a small minority among British home-educators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy at school. The growth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-education easier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers. It is also a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. That supplements e vents such as the annual home-education festival last week, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on a muddy hillside in Devon. But a bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralisation, government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools less customer friendly and more boring. Classes are still based strictly on age groups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average. Mr. Fortune-Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients" wishes about timing, venue and treatment. "It"s happened in health. Why can"t it happen in education" he asks. Perhaps because other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs, parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if that doesn"t work they vote with their (children"s) feet. Some educationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children"s psychological and educational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps both educational attainment and the course of grown-up life. Labour"s latest big idea in education is "personalisation", which is intended to al low much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might stem the drift to home—schooling. Many home-educators would like to be able to use school facilities occasionally—in science lessons, say, or to sit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopoly created by the rule of "all or nothing".The description of the National Health Service helps to show

A.the main cause of the development of home-schooling.
B.the contempt for the old-fashionedness of "otherwise".
C.the admiration for the medical accommodation.
D.the interest in the patient"s various requirements.
单项选择题

The twin English passions for gardening and long muddy walks may seem puzzling to foreigners, yet they are easily explained in terms of a favourite economist"s concept: scarcity. Most other nations have lots of countryside. England doesn"t, and therefore its people prize the stuff. One consequence of the rural romance is a word which exists only in English and describes those with a particular sort of hostility to development: Nimbys, who don"t mind new housing so long as it is Not In My Back Yard. Another consequence is a problem for the government. Compared with its neighbours" economies, Britain"s has been doing very nicely in recent years. Only one big threat looms: the possibility of a bust in the overheated and volatile housing market, which could feed through to the rest of the economy and lead to recession, as happened in the early 1990s. The government reckons that one reason why house prices have been rising so fast, particularly in the south-east of England, is that, while real wages have been going up and foreigners pouring in, little new housing is being built. Nimbyism helps explain the shortage of new housing in the south-east. People living in pretty villages don"t want new estates on their doorstep. After all, they spent their hard-earned cash on a view of rolling acres, not of spanking new red-tiled roofs. Nimbys" hostility to development acquires legal force through the planning system, which has, in large part, been controlled by elected local authorities. Although some big new developments—including the first new towns since the early 1970s—are getting the go-ahead, others are hard-fought. The government"s solution is to undermine local planning powers. The new Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act, which starts to come into force next month, shifts power from elected county councils to unelected regional bodies, and gives statutory force to the government"s estimates of the number of new houses needed in different bits of the country. That will make it harder for councils in overheated areas to turn down developers. The government is right that the planning system is excessively biased against growth: existing property-owners, who control the system through local authorities, have little interest in sanctioning developments which may reduce the value of their houses. But the government was wrong to go about lowering the barriers to development by talking power away from local authorities, thus further centralizing Britain"s already far-too-centralised political system.The author"s comment on the government can be interpreted as

A.slight contempt.
B.enthusiastic support.
C.strong disapproval.
D.qualified consent.
单项选择题

Forget Iraq and budget deficits. The most serious political problem on both sides of the Atlantic is none of these. It is a difficulty that has dogged the ruling classes for millennia. It is the servant problem. In Britain David Blunkett, the home secretary, has resigned over an embarrassment (or one of many embarrassments, in a story involving his ex-girlfriend, her husband, two pregnancies and some DNA) concerning a visa for a Filipina nanny employed by his mistress. His office speeded it through for reasons unconnected to the national shortage of unskilled labour. Mr. Blunkett resigned ahead of a report by Sir Alan Budd, an economist who is investigating the matter at the government"s request. In America Bernard Kerik, the president"s nominee for the Department of Homeland Security, withdrew last week because he had carelessly employed a Mexican nanny whose Play-Doh skills were in better order than her paperwork. Mr. Kerik also remembered that he hadn"t paid her taxes. The nominee has one or two other "issues" (an arrest warrant in 1998, and allegations of dodgy business dealings and extra-marital affairs). But employing an illegal nanny would probably have been enough to undo him, as it has several other cabinet and judicial appointees in recent years. There is an easy answer to the servant problem—obvious to economists, if not to the less clear-sighted. Perhaps Sir Alan, a dismal scientist of impeccable rationality, will be thoughtful enough to point it out in his report. Parents are not the only people who have difficulty getting visas for workers. All employers face restrictive immigration policies which raise labour costs. Some may respond by trying to fiddle the immigration system, but most deal with the matter by exporting jobs. In the age of the global economy, the solution to the servant problem is simple: rather than importing the nanny, offshore the children.Which of the following can be inferred from the text

A.Getting visa for servants will not be a problem.
B.Sir Alan is qualified to be a dismal scientist.
C.The majority gets rid of the traditional solution.
D.Exporting jobs and fiddling the immigration system are detrimental.
单项选择题

Some things are doomed to remain imperfect, the United Nations among them. De spite noble aspirations, the organization that more than any other embodies the collective will and wisdom of an imperfect world was created, in the words of one former secretary general, not to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell. Is it failing in that task Alarmed at the bitter dispute over the war in Iraq, and at growing threats—from the devastation of AIDS and the danger of failing states to the prospect of terrorists armed with weapons of mass destruction—that the UN"s founding powers hadn"t even had night mares about, last year Kofi Annan, the current secretary-general, asked a group of eminent folk to put on their thinking caps. Their report on how the UN might in future better contribute to international peace and security—mobilising its own and the world"s re sources to prevent crises where possible and to deal with them more resolutely and effectively where necessary—is due for delivery in two weeks" time. Yet the thoughtful debate such proposals deserve risks getting lost in the poisonous war of words between UN-baiters and UN-boosters, and in the fisticuffs over what governments seem to care about most: who will get any extra seats that may be up for grabs on the Security Council. The might-is-always-righter brigade, who brush aside the UN as irrelevant in today"s world, are small in number but can seem troublingly influential. They are also dangerously shortsighted. Like other big powers, and plenty of smaller ones, America fosters the UN when it needs it, and sometimes circumvents it when it doesn"t. But wiser heads recognize that being the world"s most powerful country and top gun has its problems. With global interests and global reach, America is most often called on to right the world"s wrongs. It should have been interest in a rules-based system which keeps that burden to a minimum and finds ways for others, including the UN, to share it. What is more, as China, India, Japan and others put on economic and military muscle, having agreed rules for all to play by as much as possible makes strategic sense too. Yet the not-without-UN-approval school can be equally off the mark. For the system of international rules, treaties and laws is still a hodge-podge. Some, like the UN charter itself, are deemed universal, though they may at time be hotly disputed and sometimes ignored. Others, such as the prohibitions against proliferation of nuclear, chemical or bio logical weapons, are accepted by many, but not all. Some disputes can be settled in court—boundary disputes by the International Court of Justice, for example, accusations of war crimes or genocide by the International Criminal Court—but only where governments give the nod. For the rest, the UN Security Council is where most serious disputes end up. And there trouble can start. The council is not the moral conscience of the world. It is a collection of states pursuing divergent interests, albeit—one hopes—with a sense of responsibility. Where it can agree, consensus lends legitimacy to action. But should action always stop where consensus ends There was nothing high-minded about Russia"s refusal to countenance intervention in Kosovo in 1999 to end the Serb army"s ethnic cleansing there; it was simply protecting a friend. Might, concluded NATO governments in acting without council approval, is not always wrong. Over Iraq, it is debatable what did more damage: America"s failure to win support from the council before going to war anyway, or the hypocrisy that had allowed Iraq to flout all previous council resolutions with impunity.The term "fisticuffs" (Paragraph 2) probably means

A.anticipation
B.fighting
C.reputation
D.irony
单项选择题

Education is compulsory in Britain, whether at school "or otherwise"; and "other wise" is becoming more popular. In 1999, only 12,000 children were listed as being home-schooled. Now that figure is 20,000, according to Mike Fortune-Wood, an educational researcher. But he thinks that, as most home-taught children never go near a school and are therefore invisible to officialdom, the total is probably nearer 50,000. As usual, Britain lies between Europe and America. In Germany, home teaching is illegal. In America, it"s huge: over 1 million children are home-schooled, mainly by religious parents. There are a small minority among British home-educators, who consist mainly of two types: hippyish middle-class parents who dislike schools on principle, and those whose children are unhappy at school. The growth is overwhelmingly in this second category, says Roland Meighan, a home-education expert and publisher. One reason is that technology has made home-education easier. The internet allows parents to know as much as teachers. It is also a way of organizing get-togethers, sharing tips and outwitting official hassles. That supplements e vents such as the annual home-education festival last week, where 1,600 parents and children enjoyed Egyptian dancing and labyrinth-building on a muddy hillside in Devon. But a bigger reason for the growth is changing attitudes. Centralisation, government targets and a focus on exams have made state schools less customer friendly and more boring. Classes are still based strictly on age groups, which is hard for children who differ sharply from the average. Mr. Fortune-Wood notes that the National Health Service is now far more accommodating of patients" wishes about timing, venue and treatment. "It"s happened in health. Why can"t it happen in education" he asks. Perhaps because other businesses tend to make more effort to satisfy individual needs, parents are getting increasingly picky. In the past, if their child was bullied, not coping or bored, they tended to put up with it. Now they complain, and if that doesn"t work they vote with their (children"s) feet. Some educationalists worry that home-schooling may hurt children"s psychological and educational development. Home educators cite statistics showing that it helps both educational attainment and the course of grown-up life. Labour"s latest big idea in education is "personalisation", which is intended to al low much more flexible timing and choice of subjects. In theory, that might stem the drift to home—schooling. Many home-educators would like to be able to use school facilities occasionally—in science lessons, say, or to sit exams. But for now, schools, and the officials who regulate them, like the near-monopoly created by the rule of "all or nothing".It is implied in the text that the parents" change can be attributed to

A.the complaint against the compulsory education.
B.the occasional employment of school facilities.
C.the intensified attempts of other sections with respect to personalization
D.the more flexible timing and choice of subjects.
单项选择题

Some things are doomed to remain imperfect, the United Nations among them. De spite noble aspirations, the organization that more than any other embodies the collective will and wisdom of an imperfect world was created, in the words of one former secretary general, not to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell. Is it failing in that task Alarmed at the bitter dispute over the war in Iraq, and at growing threats—from the devastation of AIDS and the danger of failing states to the prospect of terrorists armed with weapons of mass destruction—that the UN"s founding powers hadn"t even had night mares about, last year Kofi Annan, the current secretary-general, asked a group of eminent folk to put on their thinking caps. Their report on how the UN might in future better contribute to international peace and security—mobilising its own and the world"s re sources to prevent crises where possible and to deal with them more resolutely and effectively where necessary—is due for delivery in two weeks" time. Yet the thoughtful debate such proposals deserve risks getting lost in the poisonous war of words between UN-baiters and UN-boosters, and in the fisticuffs over what governments seem to care about most: who will get any extra seats that may be up for grabs on the Security Council. The might-is-always-righter brigade, who brush aside the UN as irrelevant in today"s world, are small in number but can seem troublingly influential. They are also dangerously shortsighted. Like other big powers, and plenty of smaller ones, America fosters the UN when it needs it, and sometimes circumvents it when it doesn"t. But wiser heads recognize that being the world"s most powerful country and top gun has its problems. With global interests and global reach, America is most often called on to right the world"s wrongs. It should have been interest in a rules-based system which keeps that burden to a minimum and finds ways for others, including the UN, to share it. What is more, as China, India, Japan and others put on economic and military muscle, having agreed rules for all to play by as much as possible makes strategic sense too. Yet the not-without-UN-approval school can be equally off the mark. For the system of international rules, treaties and laws is still a hodge-podge. Some, like the UN charter itself, are deemed universal, though they may at time be hotly disputed and sometimes ignored. Others, such as the prohibitions against proliferation of nuclear, chemical or bio logical weapons, are accepted by many, but not all. Some disputes can be settled in court—boundary disputes by the International Court of Justice, for example, accusations of war crimes or genocide by the International Criminal Court—but only where governments give the nod. For the rest, the UN Security Council is where most serious disputes end up. And there trouble can start. The council is not the moral conscience of the world. It is a collection of states pursuing divergent interests, albeit—one hopes—with a sense of responsibility. Where it can agree, consensus lends legitimacy to action. But should action always stop where consensus ends There was nothing high-minded about Russia"s refusal to countenance intervention in Kosovo in 1999 to end the Serb army"s ethnic cleansing there; it was simply protecting a friend. Might, concluded NATO governments in acting without council approval, is not always wrong. Over Iraq, it is debatable what did more damage: America"s failure to win support from the council before going to war anyway, or the hypocrisy that had allowed Iraq to flout all previous council resolutions with impunity.A former head of UN is quoted in

A.foretelling the fragility of an imperfect world.
B.restraining the noble aspirations of heaven.
C.depicting the aim of establishing UN.
D.pursuing the collective will and wisdom of humanity.
问答题

(46) Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions. Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47) According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand". In a free-market economy the government"s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations. (48) Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person"s contribution. An example is a lighthouse. One individual"s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49) The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light. The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods. Government"s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods. Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50) Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.

答案: 正确答案:自由市场是一种经济体系。在这种体系中,是个人,而不是政府对其经济活动和交易起着主要的决定作用。
问答题

(46) Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions. Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47) According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand". In a free-market economy the government"s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations. (48) Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person"s contribution. An example is a lighthouse. One individual"s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49) The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light. The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods. Government"s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods. Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50) Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.

答案: 正确答案:根据斯密的观点,就像有一只无形的手控制着一样,个人出于自身经济利益的行为会从整体上使社会经济状况最佳化。
问答题

(46) Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions. Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47) According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand". In a free-market economy the government"s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations. (48) Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person"s contribution. An example is a lighthouse. One individual"s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49) The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light. The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods. Government"s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods. Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50) Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.

答案: 正确答案:公共财产包括国防、法律秩序和教育在内。它有两个特征:其一,个人的消耗无损于他人对于余下公共财产的使用;其二,个...
问答题

(46) Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions. Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47) According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand". In a free-market economy the government"s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations. (48) Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person"s contribution. An example is a lighthouse. One individual"s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49) The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light. The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods. Government"s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods. Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50) Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.

答案: 正确答案:后者解释了公共财产中的"搭便车"现象,即不论个人是否付过建灯塔的费用,都可以享用灯塔的灯光。
问答题

(46) Free-market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions. Individuals are free to make economic decisions concerning their employment, how to use or accumulate capital, what expenditures to make, and whether to use their resources now or to save them for later consumption. The principles underlying free-market economies can be traced to the 18th century British economist Adam Smith. (47) According to Smith, individuals acting in their own economic self-interest will maximize the economic situation of society as a whole, as if guided by an "invisible hand". In a free-market economy the government"s function is limited to providing what are known as "public goods" and performing a regulatory role in certain situations. (48) Public goods, which include defense, law and order, and education, have two characteristics; consumption by one individual does not reduce the amount of the goods left for others; and the benefits that an individual receives do not depend on that person"s contribution. An example is a lighthouse. One individual"s use of light provided by a lighthouse does not reduce the ability of others to use it. in addition, the lighthouse owner cannot restrict individuals from using the light. (49) The latter illustrates the "free-rider" phenomenon of public goods—both those who helped pay for the lighthouse and those who did not will enjoy the same amount of light. The "free-rider" problem can be eliminated if governments collect taxes and then provide public goods. Government"s role in a free-market economy also includes protecting private property, enforcing contracts, and regulating certain economic activities. Governments generally regulate "natural monopolies" such as utilities or rail service. Regulation is used in place of competition to prevent these monopolies from making excessive profits. Governments may also restrict economic freedom for the sake of protecting individual rights. Examples include laws that restrict child labor, or forbid the sale of unsafe goods. Proponents of free-market economies believe they provide a number of advantages. They see free-market economies al encouraging individual responsibility for decisions and they believe that economic freedom is essential to political freedom. In addition, many people believe that free markets are more efficient in economic terms. (50) Free markets provide incentives both to individuals to allocate resources such as labor and capital, among the most productive uses, and to firms to produce goods and services that the public want, using the most efficient means of production.

答案: 正确答案:自由市场经济一方面激励个人支配诸如劳动力和资金这样的资源,另一方面促使公司以有效的生产方式提供人们需要的产品及...
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