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Translate the following into Chinese．One sunny morning in June in the 1810"s, there drove up to the gates of Miss Pinkerton"s academy for young ladies, a large family coach. "It is Mrs. Seldley"s coach, sister, "said Miss Jemima. "Have you completed all the necessary preparations for Miss Sedley"s departure I trust you have made a copy of Miss Sedley"s account. Be kind enough to address it to John Sedley, and to seal this letter that I have written to his lady, "said Miss Pinkerton herself.Miss Sedley was a lovely young lady. She had such a kind, generous heart that she won the love of everyone who came near her. Her face blushed with rosy health and her eyes sparkled with the brightest and honestest goodhumor.Miss Pinkerton spoke highly of her in the letter and it completed, she began to write her own name and Miss Sedley"s on the first page of a Johnson"s Dictionary, which she always presented to her pupils on their departure.Miss Jemima, with rather a timid air, handed her sister a second copy of the book. "For Becky Sharp, "said she, " she"s going too. " " Miss Jemima!" exclaimed Miss Pinkerton, " Are you in your sense Replace the dictionary in the closet. "Miss Sedley"s father was a merchant in London and a man of some wealth, while Miss Sharp was an articled student, for whom Miss Pinkerton thought she had done enough, without conferring upon her the honor of the dictionary.Miss Sharp"s father was an artist, and had given lessons of drawing at Miss Pinkerton"s school. He was a clever man but with a habit of running into debt. He married a French opera girl. When both her parents died, Rebecca was seventeen and came to Miss Pinkerton"s school as an articled student. She was small and thin: pale, sandy haired, and with eyes habitually cast down: when they looked up they were very large, odd and attractive. The happiness, the superior advantage of the young women about her, gave Rebecca an inexpressible feeling of envy. "I am a thousand times cleverer and more charming than most of them, yet everybody ignores me. "She determined at any rate to change her fate.She took advantage of the means of study that was offered to her and went through the little course of education considered necessary for young ladies at those days. Her music she practiced continuously, and one day she was overheard to play a piece so well that Miss Pinkerton thought she could spare herself the expense of a master for the juniors and told Miss Sharp that she was to instruct them in music. To the astonishment of the headmistress, the girl refused. " I am here to speak French with the children, " Rebecca said, " not to teach them music, and save money for you. Give me money, and I will teach them. "The lady was obliged to yield, though she spoke of having nourished a snake in her chest."There is no question of gratitude between us, "was Rebecca"s answer, "You took me because I was useful. Give me a sum of money and get rid of me, or, if you like better, get me a good place as governess in a nobleman"s family. " As Miss Pinkerton could not cancel her contract without making some payment, she at last, hearing that Sir Pitt Crawley"s family was in want of a governess, actually recommended Miss Sharp for the post.Thus the world began for these two young ladies. Invited by the gentle, tender-hearted Amelia, the only person with whom she could have some kind of friendship, Rebecca was to stay with the Sedley"s for ten days before she took the new job.—From Vanity Fair by W. M. Thackery

答案：正确答案：在1810年6月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆私人大马车。杰米玛小姐说：“姐姐，...

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Put the following short passage into Chinese．(中国石油大学2006研，考试科目：综合英语)For the sake of speculation, let us imagine a humanism that is a way of seeing. A humanism that is a way of seeing will be committed to describing what it sees. It will seek to fix the condition of the human spirit at a particular place in a particular moment of time in relation to a particular experience, and it will choose its places and times and experiences because they express the condition of the human spirit with particular clarity. They are the evidence concerning the nature of the human spirit that has accumulated throughout history. In other words, they are to humanism what the raw materials of physics, biology, and chemistry are to science.

答案：正确答案：为了便于推论，我们假定有一种人文主义，它只是一种观察方式，并将致力于描述它观察到的一切事物。它将力图在特定的...

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In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into Chinese．Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET．(中国矿业大学2009研，考试科目：基础英语)The Appeal of Life Is Beautiful is perhaps not so puzzling after all. The archetypal story of a father"s sacrifice for his family has evidently proved irresistible to many spectators whose sensibilities have often been molded by such simple entertainment cliches and who seek, not the bitter historical truths of the Holocaust, but consoling evasions. Thus, the film encourages them to interpret death in the camps as a moving personal sacrifice and not as the brutal termination of a singular human being"s life. Survival is a victory. Dora comes through her ordeal with little more than a smudge on her face and a punk hairdo, and Giosue"s memories, become burnished with age. All these misguided, consoling thoughts are accepted with a sigh of relief because no one is obliged to think about how a survivor"s return to normalcy would be perpetually haunted by nightmares whose origins were all too real. Like Benigni, audiences are evidently only too willing to succumb to an unfortunate, if understandable, impulse which, in the words of the eminent critic of Holocaust literature, Lawrence Langer, desperately attempts " to redesign hope from the shards of despair. " If only life were so beautiful...

答案：正确答案：《生命的吸引是美丽的》这部电影也许没有那么令人费解。一个父亲对家庭的牺牲这种典型故事对很多观众来说显然是难以...

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Put the following short passage into Chinese．(中国石油大学2005研，考试科目：综合英语)While awareness and mastery of skills are important steps in any learning process, it is only when conscious skills are put to work that you will experience the involvement and excitement that accompany personal growth. The infant mimicking sounds, the youngster practicing to ride his bicycle, the teenager learning to drive, the adult preparing to buy a house—all experience a good deal of anticipation, but the anticipation pales next to the excitement of first communicating verbally or riding a bicycle sold or taking that first drive or moving into that first home. In other words, social interaction is the highest degree of personal involvement, the logical peak experience towards which awareness and mastery lead.

答案：正确答案：尽管认识与技巧的掌握在任何学习过程中都是很重要的步骤，但是只有在技巧有意识地被运用时，你才能体会到与个人成长相...

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In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into Chinese．Write you answers on the ANSWER SHEET．He seemed to be occupied with nothing but his food, his dogs, and his chickens. If what they tell us in books were true his long communion with nature and the sea should have taught him many subtle secrets. It hadn"t. He was a savage. He was nothing but a narrow, ignorant, and cantankerous sea-faring man. As I looked at the wrinkled, mean old face I wondered what was the story of those three dreadful years that had made him welcome this long imprisonment. I sought to see behind those pale blue eyes what secrets they were that he would carry to his grave. And then I foresaw the end. One day a pearl fisher would land on the island and German Harry would not be waiting for him, silent and suspicious, at the water"s edge. He would go up to the hut and there, lying on the bed, unrecognizable, he would see all that remained of what had once been a man. Perhaps then he would hunt high and low for the great mass of pearls that has haunted the fancy of so many adventures. But I do not believe he would find it: German Harry would have seen to it that none should discover the treasure, and the pearls would rot in their hiding place. Then the pearl fisher would go back into his dinghy and the island once more deserted of man.

答案：正确答案：除了食物、狗和鸡，他几乎一无所有。如果他们在书中告诉我们的是真的，那他与自然和大海的长期共处应该教给他许多微...

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E-C Translation．(上海交通大学2005研，考试科目：英语水平考试)Defining the meaning of "happiness" is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme. To think of happiness as the joy of a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. He sits completely still, contemplating the nature of reality, free even of his own body. If admirers bring him food, he eats it: if not, he starves. Why be concerned What is physical is trivial to him. To contemplate is his joy and he achieves complete mental focus through an incredibly demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy to him.Is he a happy man Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion. But who can take it from him And who will dare say it is more false than happiness paid for through an installment planAlthough the holy man"s concept of happiness may enjoy considerable prestige in the Orient, I doubt the existence of such motionless happiness. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost anyone of Western temperament. Yet these extremes will still serve to define the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau had his own firm sense of that balance: save on the petty in order to spend on the essential.

答案：正确答案：给“幸福”下定义是一个比较复杂的命题，最好的做法就是先给这一观念设定一些极限，而后取其中间。如果认为幸福就是...

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Translate From English to Chinese．(中国传媒大学2012研，考试科目：基础英语)On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit: to choose our better history: to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted—for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things—some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west: endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg: Normandy and Khe Sahn.

答案：正确答案：今天，我们齐聚一堂，因为我们战胜了恐惧而选择了希望，结束了冲突和矛盾而选择了众志成城。今天，我们在此宣告：我...

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Translate the following into chinese．The developing world and many developed countries have called for "cooperation instead of confrontation" in the North-South relations. It goes without saying that such cooperation should be based on the continuous restructuring of the unjust and inequitable international economic relations. Otherwise, cooperation could hardly be maintained and confrontation avoided. Therefore, international aid, private investment, transfer of technology, trade, money and finance should be guided by the principle of being just and reasonable and of equality and mutual benefit. It is essential to respect the sovereignty of the developing countries and not interfere in their internal affairs or control their economic life-lines.A global and integrated approach should be adopted and unremitting and solid efforts be made for the establishment of new international economic order. At present, many developing countries, especially the least developed countries, have indeed some urgent problems which should be accorded priority. But the solution of these problems should meet the needs of the long-term development of the developing countries and facilitate the process of establishing the new international economic order. It should not serve as limited measures divorced from the fundamental objective of establishing the new international economic order.

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On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I guessed vaguely from my mother"s signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you waited with beating heart for something to happen I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was. " Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour!I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.

答案：正确答案：在那个不寻常的下午，我怀着期待的心情安静地站在门廊里。从母亲的手势和屋内人们匆匆的走动中，我模模糊糊地预感到...

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英译汉。(华东理工大学2006研，考试科目：翻译实践<英汉互译>) I chanced to rise very early one particular morning this summer, and took a walk into the country to divert myself among the fields and meadows, while the green was new, and the flowers in their bloom. As at this season of the year every lane is a beautiful walk, and every hedge full of aromatic nosegays. I lost myself, with a great deal of pleasure, among several thickets and bushes that were filled with a great variety of birds, and an agreeable confusion of notes, which formed the pleasantest scene in the world to one who had passed a whole winter in noise and smoke. The freshness of the dews that lay upon everything about me, with the cool breath of the morning, which inspired the birds with so many delightful instincts, created in me the same kind of animal pleasure, and made my heart overflow with such secret emotions of joy and satisfaction as are not to be described or accounted for. I was very much pleased and astonished at the glorious show of these gay vegetables that arose in great profusion on all the banks about us. Sometimes I considered every leaf as an elaborate piece of tissue, in which the threads and fibers were woven together into different configurations, which gave a different colouring to the light as it glanced on the several parts of the surface. Sometimes I considered the whole bed of tulips, according to the notion of the greatest mathematician and philosopher that ever lived, as a multitude of optic instruments, designed for the separating light into all those various colours of which it is composed. For this reason I look upon the whole country in springtime as a spacious garden, and make as many visits to a pot of daisies or a bank of violets, as a florist does to his borders or parterres. There is not a bush in blossom within a mile of me, which I am not acquainted with, nor scarce a daffodil or tulip that withers away in my neighborhood without my missing it. I walked home in this temper of mind through several fields and meadows with an unspeakable pleasure, not without reflecting on the bounty of Providence which has made the most pleasing and most beautiful objects the most ordinary and most common.

答案：正确答案：今夏的一个清晨，我偶然起了个大早，信步走向乡间，让自己置身于田野和绿草丛中享受那份惬意，那时，绿草如茵，繁花...

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Translate the following into Chinese．A nobler want of man is served by nature, namely, the love of Beauty.The ancient Greeks called the world Koomos, beauty. Such is the constitution of all things, or such the plastic power of the human eye, that the primary forms, as the sky, the mountain, the tree, the animal, give us a delight in and for themselves: a pleasure arising from outline, color, motion, and grouping. This seems partly owing to the eye itself. The eye is the best of artists. By the mutual action of its structure and of the laws of light, perspective is produced, which integrates every mass of objects, of what character soever, into a well colored and shaded globe, so that where the particular objects are mean and unaffecting: the landscape which they compose is round and symmetrical. And as the eye is the best composer, so light is the first of painters. There is no object so foul that intense light will not make beautiful. And the stimulus it affords to the sense, and a sort of infinitude which it has, like space and time, make all matter gay. Even the corpse has its own beauty. But besides this general grace diffused over nature, almost all the individual forms are agreeable to the eye, as is proved by our endless imitations of some of them, as the acorn, the grape, the pine-cone, the wheat-ear, the egg, the wings and forms of most birds, the lion"s claw, the serpent, the butterfly, sea-shells, flames, clouds, buds, leaves, and the forms of many trees, as the palm.All men are in some degree impressed by the face of the world: some men even to delight. This love of beauty is Taste. Others have the same love in such excess, that, not content with admiring, they seek to embody it in new forms. The creation of beauty is Art.The production of a work of art throws a light upon the mystery of humanity. A work of art is an abstract or epitome of the world. It is the result or expression of nature, in miniature. For although the works of nature are innumerable and all different, the result or the expression of them all is similar and single. Nature is a sea of forms radically a-like and even unique. A leaf, a sunbeam, a landscape, the ocean, make an analogous impression on the mind. What is common to them all, that perfectness and harmony, is beauty. The standard of beauty is the entire circuit of nature forms , the totality of nature: which the Italians expressed by defining beauty "il piu nell"uno. " Nothing is quite beautiful alone: nothing but is beautiful in the whole. A single object is only so far beautiful as it suggests this universal grace. The poet, the painter, the sculptor, the musician, the architect, seek each to concentrate this radiance of the world on one point, and each in his several work to satisfy the love of beauty which stimulates him to produce. Thus is Art, a nature passed through the alembic of man. Thus in art, does Nature work through the will of a man filled with the beauty of her first works.The world thus exists to the soul to satisfy the desire of beauty. This element I call an ultimate end. No reason can be asked or given why the soul seeks beauty. Beauty, in its largest and profoundest sense, is one expression for the universe. God is the all-fair. Truth, and goodness, and beauty, are but different faces of the same All. But beauty in nature is not ultimate. It is the herald of inward and eternal beauty, and is not alone a solid and satisfactory good. It must stand as a part, and not as yet the last or highest expression of the final cause of Nature.From R. W. Emerson: Beauty

答案：正确答案：自然给予人类一种更高层次的追求，即爱美之心。古希腊人称这个世界为“科士谟士”，即“美丽”之意。万物的构成就...

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Translate the following into Chinese．One sunny morning in June in the 1810"s, there drove up to the gates of Miss Pinkerton"s academy for young ladies, a large family coach. "It is Mrs. Seldley"s coach, sister, "said Miss Jemima. "Have you completed all the necessary preparations for Miss Sedley"s departure I trust you have made a copy of Miss Sedley"s account. Be kind enough to address it to John Sedley, and to seal this letter that I have written to his lady, "said Miss Pinkerton herself.Miss Sedley was a lovely young lady. She had such a kind, generous heart that she won the love of everyone who came near her. Her face blushed with rosy health and her eyes sparkled with the brightest and honestest goodhumor.Miss Pinkerton spoke highly of her in the letter and it completed, she began to write her own name and Miss Sedley"s on the first page of a Johnson"s Dictionary, which she always presented to her pupils on their departure.Miss Jemima, with rather a timid air, handed her sister a second copy of the book. "For Becky Sharp, "said she, " she"s going too. " " Miss Jemima!" exclaimed Miss Pinkerton, " Are you in your sense Replace the dictionary in the closet. "Miss Sedley"s father was a merchant in London and a man of some wealth, while Miss Sharp was an articled student, for whom Miss Pinkerton thought she had done enough, without conferring upon her the honor of the dictionary.Miss Sharp"s father was an artist, and had given lessons of drawing at Miss Pinkerton"s school. He was a clever man but with a habit of running into debt. He married a French opera girl. When both her parents died, Rebecca was seventeen and came to Miss Pinkerton"s school as an articled student. She was small and thin: pale, sandy haired, and with eyes habitually cast down: when they looked up they were very large, odd and attractive. The happiness, the superior advantage of the young women about her, gave Rebecca an inexpressible feeling of envy. "I am a thousand times cleverer and more charming than most of them, yet everybody ignores me. "She determined at any rate to change her fate.She took advantage of the means of study that was offered to her and went through the little course of education considered necessary for young ladies at those days. Her music she practiced continuously, and one day she was overheard to play a piece so well that Miss Pinkerton thought she could spare herself the expense of a master for the juniors and told Miss Sharp that she was to instruct them in music. To the astonishment of the headmistress, the girl refused. " I am here to speak French with the children, " Rebecca said, " not to teach them music, and save money for you. Give me money, and I will teach them. "The lady was obliged to yield, though she spoke of having nourished a snake in her chest."There is no question of gratitude between us, "was Rebecca"s answer, "You took me because I was useful. Give me a sum of money and get rid of me, or, if you like better, get me a good place as governess in a nobleman"s family. " As Miss Pinkerton could not cancel her contract without making some payment, she at last, hearing that Sir Pitt Crawley"s family was in want of a governess, actually recommended Miss Sharp for the post.Thus the world began for these two young ladies. Invited by the gentle, tender-hearted Amelia, the only person with whom she could have some kind of friendship, Rebecca was to stay with the Sedley"s for ten days before she took the new job.—From Vanity Fair by W. M. Thackery

答案：正确答案：在1810年6月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆私人大马车。杰米玛小姐说：“姐姐，...

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Translate the following passage into Chinese．(上海对外贸易学院2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作)It was a day by itself, coming after a fortnight"s storm and rain. The sun did not shine clearly, but it spread through the clouds a tender, diffused light, crossed by level clouds-bars, which stretched to a great length, quite parallel. The tints in the sky were wonderful, every conceivable shade of blue-grey, which contrived to modulate into the golden brilliance in which the sun was veiled. I went out in the afternoon. It was too early in the year for a heavy fall of leaves, but nevertheless the garden was covered. They were washed to the sides of the roads, and lay heaped up over the road-gratings, masses of gorgeous harmonies in red, brown, and yellow. The chestnuts and acorns dropped in showers, and the patter on the gravel was a little weird. The chestnut husks split wide open when they came to the ground, revealing the polished brown of the shy fruit.The lavish, drenching, downpour in extravagant excess had been glorious. I went down to the bridge to look at the floods. The valley was a great lake, reaching to the big trees in the fields which had not yet lost the fire in their branches. The river-channel could be discerned only by the boiling of the current. It has risen above the crown of the main stone arch, and swirled and plunged underneath it. A furious backwater, repulsed from the smaller arch, aided the tumult. The wind had gone and there was perfect silence, save for the agitation of the stream, but a few steps upwards the gentle tinkle of the little runnels could be heard in their deeply-cut, dark, and narrow channels. In a few minutes they were caught up, rejoicing, in the embrace of the deep river which would carry them with it to the sea. They were safe now from being lost in the earth.

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Translate the following passage into Chinese．(上海对外贸易学院2006研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I left the woods for as good a reason as I went there. Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one. It is remarkable how easily and insensibly we fall into a particular route, and make a beaten track for ourselves...The surface of the earth is soft and impressible by the feet of men: and so with the paths which the mind travels. How worn and dusty, then, must be the Highways of the world, how deep the ruts(车辙)of tradition and conformity! I did not wish to take a cabin passage, but rather to go before the mast(桅杆)and on the deck(甲板)of the world, for there I could best see the moonlight amid the mountains. I do not wish to go below now.I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours. He will put some things behind, will pass an invisible boundary: new, universal, and more liberal laws will begin to establish themselves around and within him: or the old laws be expanded, and interpreted in his favor in a more liberal sense, and he will live with the license of a higher order of beings. In proportion as he simplifies his life, the laws of the universe will appear less complex, and solitude will not be solitude, nor poverty poverty, nor weakness weakness. If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost: that is where they should be.

答案：正确答案：我离开森林的理由，和当初来到森林的理由同样充分。可能对于我来说，我已有更多的生活方式，我不必把更多时间只交给...

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Translate the following into Chinese．Why do smart, articulate, and self-confident people often become terrified in front of a group How could death rank just seventh in a national survey of the top ten experiences Americans dread most, and public speaking first Think about it:we"d rather kick the bucket than address an audience!It starts in elementary school when a teacher singles us out to "speak up" . Remember the panic of producing the wrong answer Our palms sweated, we might have been short of breath, and wrecked with shaky knees, nausea, a stomachache, and a rapid heartbeat. We felt awkward and dumb.As adults, we"re still afraid we"ll make fools of ourselves. We worry that listeners will think we are lightweights, bubblers, or bores. And we should worry.Public speaking isn"t just a sweet skill to have. Being a first-rate orator can lead to job promotions and personal advancement, while being a lousy one is a liability.

答案：正确答案：为什么聪明绝顶、伶牙俐齿、充满自信的人站在人群面前发言时会感到害怕呢为什么在关于美国人最害怕的十件事的全国调...

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Translate the following into Chinese．(上海师范大学2006研，考试科目：综合英语)An appeal to emotion is in itself neither good nor bad. Our emotions exist and they are part of our personality. On some occasions people appeal to our emotions on the highest levels and from the beat of motives. We have already cited one of Churchill"s wartime speeches: whatever people thought of Churchill as politician, they were united behind him when he spoke as a national leader in those dark days, their feelings responded to his call for resolution and unity.It is a characteristic of social groups that the members have a feeling of personal attachment to the group—to the family in earliest childhood and extending later to the school, the team, the church, the nation, in patterns that vary from time to time. Hence a speaker from our group will find in us feelings to which he can readily and genuinely appeal, whether our reaction is favorable or not. We are at least open to the appeal and we appreciate the context in which it is made.

答案：正确答案：情感呼吁本身无所谓好坏之分。我们的情感客观存在着，它们是我们个性的一部分。在某些场合，人们从最高境界并出于动...

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English-Chinese Translation．(上海大学2004研，考试科目：综合英语)The Rise of RealismBetween the work of Hawthorne and Melville, the major novelists of the 1850s, and the work of Twain, James and Howells, the major novelists of the last quarter of the century, falls the shadow of the American Civil War(1861 -1865). In his famous Gettysburg address Abraham Lincoln described the conflict in terms of epic simplicity:Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers set forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether this nation, or any other nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. In the event, the war showed that the nation could endure—but only in a permanently changed and, in some respects, a deeply scarred form.The result of the Civil War was not just the triumph of the abolitionists over the slave-owners. It was also the triumph of the industrial North over the agrarian South. Despite the much-vaunted program of" Reconstruction" , the Southern states long remained ravaged and dispirited territory: the war left a legacy of bitterness that has not yet disappeared from American politics. In the North, on the other hand, the aftermath of war brought financial boom. The North"s prosperity was increased by rapid mechanization and industrialization, its population swelled by new influxes of foreign immigrants. To contemporary observers cities like Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Chicago presented a double image. On the surface there was elegance, security and comfort: but underneath there was all the seething discontent which accompanies the growth of any modern industrial society.

答案：正确答案：现实主义的崛起在19世纪50年代的主要作家霍桑、梅尔维尔，以及19世纪后期的主要作家马克吐温、詹姆斯、霍威...

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英译汉。(上海理工大学2005研，考试科目：翻译)That Old Greenspan Magic Seems to be FadingFor the best part of 20 years, Alan Greenspan has been a symbol of the stupidity of ageism. He became chairman of the U. S. Federal Reserve at 61 , when plenty of workers have already been tossed on the scrapheap and many others are preparing to wind down for retirement. His golden years in charge of the U. S. economy were when he was pushing 70 and he"s still there aged 78. Greenspan is the doyen of central bankers, still talked about in almost rever-ential terms by his peers. The fact that the Fed chairman rarely gives interviews and makes public pronouncements that are to economics what Finnegans Wake is to literature only adds to the mystique.It is, then, with some trepidation that the question has to be asked: Has Big Al finally lost the plot At the start of last week, Greenspan presided over a meeting of the Fed which kept interest rates on hold at 1 % , the level they have been pegged at for nearly a year. A statement accompanying the decision said the risks to inflation were balanced, which means the Fed thinks there is as much chance of the cost of living going up as going down. On Thursday, new joblessness claims in the U. S. fell to their lowest level in getting on for four years, and the picture of a recovering labour market was underlined by Friday"s non-farm payrolls which showed an increase of 288, 000, above what had been expected. The economy is expanding at an annual rate of 4. 5% , surveys of both manufacturing and the service sector are strong, the housing market is booming, inflation has started to pick up.Hardly surprisingly, Greenspan"s call on inflation is now coming under the microscope, even by those on the Keynesian left who tend to favor expansionary macroeconomic policies. "Show me something, other than computers, where the price is falling, " says Dean Baker of the Centre for Economic Policy Research in Washington. Baker is right. Clearly, risks to inflation are on the upside, and massively so. The economy has been injected with a cocktail of three growth-inducing drugs—negative real interest rates, a rising budget deficit and a falling currency. Oil prices have touched $40 a barrel and the labour market is tightening. It is hard to believe that Greenspan, a junkie for economic data no matter how seemingly trivial, has not spotted all this. Rates in the U. S. are far below a neutral level, which would probably be around 5% , yet Greenspan is in no hurry to act.

答案：正确答案：格老爷子的魔力似乎正在消失在过去20年的大部分时间里，艾伦格林斯潘代表了一种形象，他不断证明了“人老不中用...

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Translate the following into Chinese．(上海外国语大学2007研，考试科目：英汉互译)It is curious that our own offenses should seem so much less heinous than the offenses of others. I suppose the reason is that we know all the circumstances that have caused them and so manage to excuse in ourselves what we cannot excuse in others. We turn our attention away from our own defects, and when we are forced by untoward events to consider them, find it easy to condone them. For all I know we are right to do this: they are part of us and we must accept the good and bad in ourselves together.But when we come to judge others, it is not by ourselves as we really are that we judge them, but by an image that we have formed of ourselves from which we have left out everything that offends our vanity or would discredit us in the eyes of the world. To take a trivial instance:how scornful we are when we catch someone else telling a lie: but who can say that he has never told not one, but a hundredThere is not much to choose between men. They are all a combination of greatness and littleness, of virtue and vice, of nobility and baseness. Some have more strength of character, or more opportunity, and so in one direction or another give their instincts freer play, but potentially they are the same. For my part, I do not think I am any better or any worse than most people, but I know that if I set down every action in my life and every thought that has crossed my mind, the world would consider me a monster of depravity. The knowledge that these reveries are common to all men should inspire one with tolerance to oneself as well as to others. It is well also if they enable us to look upon our fellows, even the most eminent and respectable, with humour, and if they lead us to take ourselves not too seriously.

答案：正确答案：有个很奇怪的现象：同样的罪过，别人犯就是十恶不赦，自己犯则情有可原。究其原因，我想，也许是因为我们是当事人，...

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Translate the following into Chinese．(上海外国语大学2006研，考试科目：英汉互译)The fact is that, as a writer, Faulkner is no more interested in solving problems than he is tempted to indulge in sociological comments on the sudden changes in the economic position of the southern states. The defeat and the consequences of defeat are merely the soil out of which his epics grow. He is not fascinated by men as a community but by man in the community, the individual as a final unity in himself, curiously unmoved by external conditions. The tragedies of these individuals have nothing in common with Greek tragedy: they are led to their inexorable end by passions caused by inheritance, traditions, and environment, passions which are expressed either in a sudden outburst or in a slow liberation from perhaps generations-old restrictions. With almost every new work Faulkner penetrates deeper into the human psyche, into man"s greatness and powers of self-sacrifice, lust for power, cupidity, spiritual poverty, narrow-mindedness, burlesque obstinacy, anguish, terror, and degenerate aberrations. As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neither do any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His subhuman and superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge from his mind with a reality that few existing people—even those nearest to us—can give us, and they move in a milieu whose odours of subtropical plants, ladies" perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate immediately even into a Scandinavian"s warm and cosy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunter"s intimate knowledge of his own hunting-ground, the topographer"s accuracy, and the impressionist"s sensitivity. Moreover, side by side with Joyce and perhaps even more so Falkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which his limited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.

答案：正确答案：事实上，作为一个作家，福克纳既不热衷于从社会学角度对南方各州突发的经济变化发表评论，更没有兴趣去解决问题。南...