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单项选择题

Computer will become more advanced and they will also become easier to use. Improved speed recognition will make the operation of a computer easier. Virtual reality (虚拟现实), the technology of ______ with a computer using all of the human senses, will also contribute to better human and computer ______. Other, exotic (奇异的) models of computation are being developed, including biological computing that uses living organisms, molecular computing that uses molecules with particular ______, and computing that uses DNA, the basic unit of heredity (遗传) to store data and carry out operations. These are examples of possible future computational platforms that, so far, are limited in abilities or are strictly. ______. Scientists investigate them because of the physical limitations of miniaturizing circuits embedded in silicon. There are also ______ related to heat generated by even the tiniest of transistors.

A．interact
B．interacting
C．communicate
D．using
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单项选择题

甲公司接受乙公司的委托开发了一项应用软件，双方没有订立任何书面合同，在此情形下，______享有该软件的著作权。

A．甲公司
B．甲、乙公司共同
C．乙公司
D．甲、乙公司均不
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甲、乙软件公司于2013年9月12日就其财务软件产品分别申请“大堂”和“大唐”商标注册，两个财务软件相似，且经协商，双方均不同意放弃使用其申请注册的商标标识。在此情形下，______获准注册。

A．“大堂”
B．“大堂”与“大唐”都能
C．“大唐”
D．由甲、乙抽签结果确定谁能
单项选择题

甲、乙两软件公司于2012年7月12日就其财务软件产品分别申请“用友”和“用有”商标注册。两财务软件相似，甲第一次使用时间为2009年7月，乙第一次使用时间为2009年5月。在此情形下，______能获准注册。

A．“用友”
B．“用友”与“用有”都
C．“用有”
D．由甲、乙抽签结果确定
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王某是一名软件设计师，按公司规定编写软件文档，并上交公司存档。这些软件文档属于职务作品，且______。

A．其著作权由公司享有
B．其著作权由软件设计师享有
C．除其署名权以外，著作权的其他权利由软件设计师享有
D．其著作权由公司和软件设计师共同享有
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甲经销商擅自复制并销售乙公司开发的OA软件光盘已构成侵权。丙企业在未知的情形下从甲经销商处购入10张并已安装使用。在丙企业知道了所使用的软件为侵权复制品的情形下，以下说法正确的是______。

A．丙企业的使用行为为侵权，须承担赔偿责任
B．丙企业的使用行为不侵权，可以继续使用这10张软件光盘
C．丙企业的使用行为侵权，支付合理费用后可以继续使用这10张软件光盘
D．丙企业的使用行为不侵权，不需要承担任何法律责任
单项选择题

为说明某一问题，在学术论文中需要引用某些资料。以下叙述中错误的是______。

A．既可引用发表的作品，也可引用未发表的作品
B．只能限于介绍、评论作品
C．只要不构成自己作品的主要部分，可适当引用资料
D．不必征得原作者的同意，不需要向他支付报酬
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王某购买了一幅美术作品原件，则他享有该美术作品的______。

A．著作权
B．所有权
C．展览权
D．所有权与其展览权
单项选择题

以下作品中，不适用或不受著作权法保护的是______。

A．某教师在课堂上的讲课
B．某作家的作品《红河谷》
C．最高人民法院组织编写的《行政诉讼案例选编》
D．国务院颁布的《计算机软件保护条例》
单项选择题

M软件公司的软件产品注册商标为M，为确保公司在市场竞争中占据优势，对员工进行了保密约束。此情形下该公司不享有______。

A．商业秘密权
B．著作权
C．专利权
D．商标权
单项选择题

X软件公司的软件工程师张某兼职于Y公司，为完成Y科技公司交给的工作，做出了一项涉及计算机程序的发明。张某认为该发明是利用自己的业余时间完成的，可以以个人名义申请专利。此项专利申请权应归属于______。

A．张某
B．X软件公司
C．Y科技公司
D．张某和Y科技公司
单项选择题

软件著作权的客体不包括______。

A．源程序
B．目标程序
C．软件文档
D．软件开发思想
单项选择题

中国企业M与美国公司L进行技术合作，合同约定M使用一项在有效期内的美国专利，但该项美国专利未在中国和其他国家提出申请。对于M销售依照该专利生产的产品，以下叙述正确的是______。

A．在中国销售，M需要向L支付专利许可使用费
B．返销美国，M不需要向L支付专利许可使用费
C．在其他国家销售，M需要向L支付专利许可使用费
D．在中国销售，M不需要向L支付专利许可使用费
单项选择题

______指可以不经著作权人许可，不需要支付报酬，使用其作品。

A．合理使用
B．许可使用
C．强制许可使用
D．法定许可使用
单项选择题

王某是M国际运输有限公司计算机系统管理员。任职期间，王某根据公司的业务要求开发了“海运出口业务系统”，并由公司使用，随后，王某向国家版权局申请了计算机软件著作权登记，并取得了《计算机软件著作权登记证书》。证书明确软件名称是“海运出口业务系统V1.0”，著作权人为王某。以下说法中，正确的是______。

A．海运出口业务系统V1.0的著作权属于王某
B．海运出口业务系统V1.0的著作权属于M公司
C．海运出口业务系统V1.0的著作权属于王某和M公司
D．王某获取的软件著作权登记证是不可以撤销的
单项选择题

下列关于软件著作权中翻译权的叙述不正确的是：翻译权是指______的权利。

A．将原软件从一种自然语言文字转换成另一种自然语言文字
B．将原软件从一种程序设计语言转换成另一种程序设计语言
C．软件著作权人对其软件享有的以其他各种语言文字形式的表现
D．对软件的操作界面或者程序中涉及的语言文字翻译成另一种语言文字
单项选择题

某软件公司研发的财务软件产品在行业中技术领先，具有很强的市场竞争优势。为确保其软件产品的技术领先及市场竞争优势，公司采取相应的保密措施，以防止软件技术秘密的外泄。并且，还为该软件产品冠以“用友”商标，但未进行商标注册。此情况下，公司仅享有该软件产品的______。

A．软件著作权和专利权
B．商业秘密权和专利权
C．软件著作权和商业秘密权
D．软件著作权和商标权
单项选择题

Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals, the scale and complexity of modem systems is such, and the demand for short schedules so great, that it is no longer ______ for one person to do most engineering jobs. Systems development is a team ______, and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the ______ of the engineering.
Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketball teams. Even though they may have multiple specialties, all the members work toward ______. However, on systems maintenance and enhancement teams, the engineers often work relatively independently, much like wrestling and track teams.
A team is ______ just a group of people who happen to work together. Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills. Teams require common processes; they need agreed-upon goals; and they need effective guidance and leadership. The methods for guiding and leading such teams are well known, but they are not obvious.

A．convenient
B．existing
C．practical
D．real
单项选择题

Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals, the scale and complexity of modem systems is such, and the demand for short schedules so great, that it is no longer ______ for one person to do most engineering jobs. Systems development is a team ______, and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the ______ of the engineering.
Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketball teams. Even though they may have multiple specialties, all the members work toward ______. However, on systems maintenance and enhancement teams, the engineers often work relatively independently, much like wrestling and track teams.
A team is ______ just a group of people who happen to work together. Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills. Teams require common processes; they need agreed-upon goals; and they need effective guidance and leadership. The methods for guiding and leading such teams are well known, but they are not obvious.

A．activity
B．job
C．process
D．application
单项选择题

Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers ______ through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. In science, cloud computing is a ______ for distributed computing over a network, and means the ______ to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized compute storage and network resources. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastucture layer serves as the ______ for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is foundation for implementing the ______ layer for SaaS application.

A．connected
B．implemented
C．optimized
D．virtualized
单项选择题

Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals, the scale and complexity of modem systems is such, and the demand for short schedules so great, that it is no longer ______ for one person to do most engineering jobs. Systems development is a team ______, and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the ______ of the engineering.
Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketball teams. Even though they may have multiple specialties, all the members work toward ______. However, on systems maintenance and enhancement teams, the engineers often work relatively independently, much like wrestling and track teams.
A team is ______ just a group of people who happen to work together. Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills. Teams require common processes; they need agreed-upon goals; and they need effective guidance and leadership. The methods for guiding and leading such teams are well known, but they are not obvious.

A．size
B．quality
C．scale
D．complexity
单项选择题

So it is today. Schedule disaster functional misfits, and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesn"t know what the right hand is doing. As work ______, the several teams slowly change the functions, size, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly ______ their assumptions about me inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs.
For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how ______ this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change, and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view.
How, then, shall teams ______ with one another In as many ways as possible.
●Informally. Good telephone service and clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends.
●Meetings. Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical briefings, are ______. Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way.
●Workbook. A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.

A．starts
B．proceeds
C．stops
D．speeds
单项选择题

Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers ______ through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. In science, cloud computing is a ______ for distributed computing over a network, and means the ______ to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized compute storage and network resources. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastucture layer serves as the ______ for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is foundation for implementing the ______ layer for SaaS application.

A．replacement
B．switch
C．substitute
D．synonym(同义词)
单项选择题

Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals, the scale and complexity of modem systems is such, and the demand for short schedules so great, that it is no longer ______ for one person to do most engineering jobs. Systems development is a team ______, and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the ______ of the engineering.
Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketball teams. Even though they may have multiple specialties, all the members work toward ______. However, on systems maintenance and enhancement teams, the engineers often work relatively independently, much like wrestling and track teams.
A team is ______ just a group of people who happen to work together. Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills. Teams require common processes; they need agreed-upon goals; and they need effective guidance and leadership. The methods for guiding and leading such teams are well known, but they are not obvious.

A．multiple objectives
B．different objectives
C．a single objective
D．independent objectives
单项选择题

So it is today. Schedule disaster functional misfits, and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesn"t know what the right hand is doing. As work ______, the several teams slowly change the functions, size, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly ______ their assumptions about me inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs.
For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how ______ this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change, and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view.
How, then, shall teams ______ with one another In as many ways as possible.
●Informally. Good telephone service and clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends.
●Meetings. Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical briefings, are ______. Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way.
●Workbook. A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.

A．change
B．proceed
C．smooth
D．hide
单项选择题

Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers ______ through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. In science, cloud computing is a ______ for distributed computing over a network, and means the ______ to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized compute storage and network resources. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastucture layer serves as the ______ for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is foundation for implementing the ______ layer for SaaS application.

A．ability
B．approach
C．function
D．method
单项选择题

Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals, the scale and complexity of modem systems is such, and the demand for short schedules so great, that it is no longer ______ for one person to do most engineering jobs. Systems development is a team ______, and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the ______ of the engineering.
Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketball teams. Even though they may have multiple specialties, all the members work toward ______. However, on systems maintenance and enhancement teams, the engineers often work relatively independently, much like wrestling and track teams.
A team is ______ just a group of people who happen to work together. Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills. Teams require common processes; they need agreed-upon goals; and they need effective guidance and leadership. The methods for guiding and leading such teams are well known, but they are not obvious.

A．relatively
B．/
C．only
D．more than
单项选择题

So it is today. Schedule disaster functional misfits, and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesn"t know what the right hand is doing. As work ______, the several teams slowly change the functions, size, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly ______ their assumptions about me inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs.
For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how ______ this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change, and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view.
How, then, shall teams ______ with one another In as many ways as possible.
●Informally. Good telephone service and clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends.
●Meetings. Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical briefings, are ______. Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way.
●Workbook. A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.

A．frequently
B．usually
C．commonly
D．rarely
单项选择题

Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers ______ through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. In science, cloud computing is a ______ for distributed computing over a network, and means the ______ to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized compute storage and network resources. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastucture layer serves as the ______ for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is foundation for implementing the ______ layer for SaaS application.

A．network
B．foundation
C．software
D．hardware
单项选择题

So it is today. Schedule disaster functional misfits, and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesn"t know what the right hand is doing. As work ______, the several teams slowly change the functions, size, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly ______ their assumptions about me inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs.
For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how ______ this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change, and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view.
How, then, shall teams ______ with one another In as many ways as possible.
●Informally. Good telephone service and clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends.
●Meetings. Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical briefings, are ______. Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way.
●Workbook. A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.

A．work
B．program
C．communicate
D．talk
单项选择题

Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers ______ through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. In science, cloud computing is a ______ for distributed computing over a network, and means the ______ to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized compute storage and network resources. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastucture layer serves as the ______ for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is foundation for implementing the ______ layer for SaaS application.

A．resource
B．service
C．application
D．software
单项选择题

So it is today. Schedule disaster functional misfits, and system bugs all arise because the left hand doesn"t know what the right hand is doing. As work ______, the several teams slowly change the functions, size, and speeds of their own programs, and they explicitly or implicitly ______ their assumptions about me inputs available and the uses to be made of the outputs.
For example, the implementer of a program-overlaying function may run into problems and reduce speed relying on statistics that show how ______ this function will arise in application programs. Meanwhile back at the ranch, his neighbor may be designing a major part of the supervisor so that it critically depends upon the speed of this function. This change in speed itself becomes a major specification change, and it needs to be proclaimed abroad and weighed from a system point of view.
How, then, shall teams ______ with one another In as many ways as possible.
●Informally. Good telephone service and clear definition of intergroup dependencies will encourage the hundreds of calls upon which common interpretation of written documents depends.
●Meetings. Regular project meetings, with one team after another giving technical briefings, are ______. Hundreds of minor misunderstandings get smoked out this way.
●Workbook. A formal project workbook must be started at the beginning.

A．worthless
B．valueless
C．useless
D．invaluable
单项选择题

There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy. --SWIFT
Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.
In most projects, the first system built is ______ usable. It may be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no ______ but to start again, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and ______ may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient (全知的) as to get it right the first time.
The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a ______, or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the ______ of agony (极大痛苦) for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.
Hence plan to throw dne away; you will, anyhow.

A．almost
B．often
C．usually
D．barely
单项选择题

Computer will become more advanced and they will also become easier to use. Improved speed recognition will make the operation of a computer easier. Virtual reality (虚拟现实), the technology of ______ with a computer using all of the human senses, will also contribute to better human and computer ______. Other, exotic (奇异的) models of computation are being developed, including biological computing that uses living organisms, molecular computing that uses molecules with particular ______, and computing that uses DNA, the basic unit of heredity (遗传) to store data and carry out operations. These are examples of possible future computational platforms that, so far, are limited in abilities or are strictly. ______. Scientists investigate them because of the physical limitations of miniaturizing circuits embedded in silicon. There are also ______ related to heat generated by even the tiniest of transistors.

A．interact
B．interacting
C．communicate
D．using
单项选择题

There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy. --SWIFT
Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.
In most projects, the first system built is ______ usable. It may be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no ______ but to start again, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and ______ may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient (全知的) as to get it right the first time.
The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a ______, or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the ______ of agony (极大痛苦) for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.
Hence plan to throw dne away; you will, anyhow.

A．alternative
B．need
C．possibility
D．solution
单项选择题

Computer will become more advanced and they will also become easier to use. Improved speed recognition will make the operation of a computer easier. Virtual reality (虚拟现实), the technology of ______ with a computer using all of the human senses, will also contribute to better human and computer ______. Other, exotic (奇异的) models of computation are being developed, including biological computing that uses living organisms, molecular computing that uses molecules with particular ______, and computing that uses DNA, the basic unit of heredity (遗传) to store data and carry out operations. These are examples of possible future computational platforms that, so far, are limited in abilities or are strictly. ______. Scientists investigate them because of the physical limitations of miniaturizing circuits embedded in silicon. There are also ______ related to heat generated by even the tiniest of transistors.

A．interfaces
B．behavior
C．similarities
D．comparison
单项选择题

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as ______. Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration ______.
Cloud computing began as large-scale Interact service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled, ______ distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on ______ "somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user"s browser.
Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to withstand failures of ______ elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What"s more, clouds expand the types of resources available-file storage, databases, and Web services-and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A．hardware
B．computers
C．services
D．software
单项选择题

There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy. --SWIFT
Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.
In most projects, the first system built is ______ usable. It may be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no ______ but to start again, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and ______ may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient (全知的) as to get it right the first time.
The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a ______, or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the ______ of agony (极大痛苦) for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.
Hence plan to throw dne away; you will, anyhow.

A．design
B．redesign
C．plan
D．build
单项选择题

Computer will become more advanced and they will also become easier to use. Improved speed recognition will make the operation of a computer easier. Virtual reality (虚拟现实), the technology of ______ with a computer using all of the human senses, will also contribute to better human and computer ______. Other, exotic (奇异的) models of computation are being developed, including biological computing that uses living organisms, molecular computing that uses molecules with particular ______, and computing that uses DNA, the basic unit of heredity (遗传) to store data and carry out operations. These are examples of possible future computational platforms that, so far, are limited in abilities or are strictly. ______. Scientists investigate them because of the physical limitations of miniaturizing circuits embedded in silicon. There are also ______ related to heat generated by even the tiniest of transistors.

A．software
B．properties
C．programs
D．hardware
单项选择题

Extreme Programming (XP) is a discipline of software development with ______ of simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. Successful software development is a team effort-not just the development team, but the larger team consisting of customer, management and developers. XP is a simple process that brings these people together and helps them to successd together. XP is aimed primarily at object-oriented projects using teams of a dozen or fewer programmers in one location. The principles of XP apply to any ______ project that needs to deliver quality software rapidly and flexibly.
An XP project needs a ______ customer to provide guidance. Customers, programmers, managers, are all working ______ to build the system that"s needed. Customers-those who have software that needs to be developed-will learn simple, effective way to ______ what they need, to be sure that they are getting what they need, and to steer the project to success.

A．importance
B．keys
C．roles
D．values
单项选择题

Computer will become more advanced and they will also become easier to use. Improved speed recognition will make the operation of a computer easier. Virtual reality (虚拟现实), the technology of ______ with a computer using all of the human senses, will also contribute to better human and computer ______. Other, exotic (奇异的) models of computation are being developed, including biological computing that uses living organisms, molecular computing that uses molecules with particular ______, and computing that uses DNA, the basic unit of heredity (遗传) to store data and carry out operations. These are examples of possible future computational platforms that, so far, are limited in abilities or are strictly. ______. Scientists investigate them because of the physical limitations of miniaturizing circuits embedded in silicon. There are also ______ related to heat generated by even the tiniest of transistors.

A．empirical
B．real
C．practical
D．theoretical
单项选择题

There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy. --SWIFT
Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.
In most projects, the first system built is ______ usable. It may be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no ______ but to start again, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and ______ may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient (全知的) as to get it right the first time.
The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a ______, or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the ______ of agony (极大痛苦) for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.
Hence plan to throw dne away; you will, anyhow.

A．throwaway
B．system
C．software
D．product
单项选择题

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as ______. Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration ______.
Cloud computing began as large-scale Interact service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled, ______ distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on ______ "somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user"s browser.
Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to withstand failures of ______ elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What"s more, clouds expand the types of resources available-file storage, databases, and Web services-and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A．computers
B．disks
C．machines
D．tools
单项选择题

Extreme Programming (XP) is a discipline of software development with ______ of simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. Successful software development is a team effort-not just the development team, but the larger team consisting of customer, management and developers. XP is a simple process that brings these people together and helps them to successd together. XP is aimed primarily at object-oriented projects using teams of a dozen or fewer programmers in one location. The principles of XP apply to any ______ project that needs to deliver quality software rapidly and flexibly.
An XP project needs a ______ customer to provide guidance. Customers, programmers, managers, are all working ______ to build the system that"s needed. Customers-those who have software that needs to be developed-will learn simple, effective way to ______ what they need, to be sure that they are getting what they need, and to steer the project to success.

A．small-sized
B．moderately-sized
C．large-sized
D．huge-sized
单项选择题

Ravi, like many project ______, had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle ______. He has all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages, something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in ______ and not as ______.
The situation in many other projects is not very different. The real world rareley presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most situation, an existing process must be ______ to the new problem.
A development process, even after tailoring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must suppliment the development process with a requirement change management process.

A．customers
B．managers
C．users
D．administrators
单项选择题

Extreme Programming (XP) is a discipline of software development with ______ of simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. Successful software development is a team effort-not just the development team, but the larger team consisting of customer, management and developers. XP is a simple process that brings these people together and helps them to successd together. XP is aimed primarily at object-oriented projects using teams of a dozen or fewer programmers in one location. The principles of XP apply to any ______ project that needs to deliver quality software rapidly and flexibly.
An XP project needs a ______ customer to provide guidance. Customers, programmers, managers, are all working ______ to build the system that"s needed. Customers-those who have software that needs to be developed-will learn simple, effective way to ______ what they need, to be sure that they are getting what they need, and to steer the project to success.

A．part-time
B．casual
C．seldom
D．full-time
单项选择题

Ravi, like many project ______, had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle ______. He has all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages, something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in ______ and not as ______.
The situation in many other projects is not very different. The real world rareley presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most situation, an existing process must be ______ to the new problem.
A development process, even after tailoring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must suppliment the development process with a requirement change management process.

A．activity
B．procedure
C．process
D．progress
单项选择题

There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy. --SWIFT
Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.
In most projects, the first system built is ______ usable. It may be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no ______ but to start again, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and ______ may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient (全知的) as to get it right the first time.
The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a ______, or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the ______ of agony (极大痛苦) for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.
Hence plan to throw dne away; you will, anyhow.

A．worth
B．value
C．cost
D．invaluable
单项选择题

Computer will become more advanced and they will also become easier to use. Improved speed recognition will make the operation of a computer easier. Virtual reality (虚拟现实), the technology of ______ with a computer using all of the human senses, will also contribute to better human and computer ______. Other, exotic (奇异的) models of computation are being developed, including biological computing that uses living organisms, molecular computing that uses molecules with particular ______, and computing that uses DNA, the basic unit of heredity (遗传) to store data and carry out operations. These are examples of possible future computational platforms that, so far, are limited in abilities or are strictly. ______. Scientists investigate them because of the physical limitations of miniaturizing circuits embedded in silicon. There are also ______ related to heat generated by even the tiniest of transistors.

A．developments
B．advantages
C．limitations
D．improvements
单项选择题

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as ______. Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration ______.
Cloud computing began as large-scale Interact service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled, ______ distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on ______ "somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user"s browser.
Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to withstand failures of ______ elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What"s more, clouds expand the types of resources available-file storage, databases, and Web services-and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A．horizontally
B．vertically
C．inclined
D．decreasingly
单项选择题

Extreme Programming (XP) is a discipline of software development with ______ of simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. Successful software development is a team effort-not just the development team, but the larger team consisting of customer, management and developers. XP is a simple process that brings these people together and helps them to successd together. XP is aimed primarily at object-oriented projects using teams of a dozen or fewer programmers in one location. The principles of XP apply to any ______ project that needs to deliver quality software rapidly and flexibly.
An XP project needs a ______ customer to provide guidance. Customers, programmers, managers, are all working ______ to build the system that"s needed. Customers-those who have software that needs to be developed-will learn simple, effective way to ______ what they need, to be sure that they are getting what they need, and to steer the project to success.

A．together
B．by themselves
C．separately
D．alone
单项选择题

Ravi, like many project ______, had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle ______. He has all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages, something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in ______ and not as ______.
The situation in many other projects is not very different. The real world rareley presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most situation, an existing process must be ______ to the new problem.
A development process, even after tailoring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must suppliment the development process with a requirement change management process.

A．parts
B．modules
C．software
D．a whole
单项选择题

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as ______. Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration ______.
Cloud computing began as large-scale Interact service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled, ______ distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on ______ "somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user"s browser.
Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to withstand failures of ______ elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What"s more, clouds expand the types of resources available-file storage, databases, and Web services-and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A．clients
B．middleware
C．servers
D．hard disks
单项选择题

Extreme Programming (XP) is a discipline of software development with ______ of simplicity, communication, feedback and courage. Successful software development is a team effort-not just the development team, but the larger team consisting of customer, management and developers. XP is a simple process that brings these people together and helps them to successd together. XP is aimed primarily at object-oriented projects using teams of a dozen or fewer programmers in one location. The principles of XP apply to any ______ project that needs to deliver quality software rapidly and flexibly.
An XP project needs a ______ customer to provide guidance. Customers, programmers, managers, are all working ______ to build the system that"s needed. Customers-those who have software that needs to be developed-will learn simple, effective way to ______ what they need, to be sure that they are getting what they need, and to steer the project to success.

A．tell
B．know
C．communicate
D．feedback
单项选择题

At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as ______. Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration ______.
Cloud computing began as large-scale Interact service providers such as Google, Amazon, and others built out their infrastructure. An architecture emerged: massively scaled, ______ distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on ______ "somewhere on the Internet" and the application runs on both the "cloud servers" and the user"s browser.
Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to withstand failures of ______ elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. What"s more, clouds expand the types of resources available-file storage, databases, and Web services-and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications.

A．entire
B．individual
C．general
D．separate
单项选择题

Ravi, like many project ______, had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle ______. He has all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages, something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in ______ and not as ______.
The situation in many other projects is not very different. The real world rareley presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most situation, an existing process must be ______ to the new problem.
A development process, even after tailoring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must suppliment the development process with a requirement change management process.

A．parts
B．modules
C．software
D．a whole
单项选择题

Ravi, like many project ______, had studied the waterfall model of software development as the primary software life-cycle ______. He has all set to use it for an upcoming project, his first assignment. However, Ravi found that the waterfall model could not be used because the customer wanted the software delivered in stages, something that implied that the system had to be delivered and built in ______ and not as ______.
The situation in many other projects is not very different. The real world rareley presents a problem in which a standard process, or the process used in a previous project, is the best choice. To be the most situation, an existing process must be ______ to the new problem.
A development process, even after tailoring, generally cannot handle change requests. To accommodate change requests without losing control of the project, you must suppliment the development process with a requirement change management process.

A．mofified
B．used
C．suited
D．tailored
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