单项选择题

根据下列材料请回答 23~30 题:
Ways to Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution
1 A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution.It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1 986 Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster.The report was published by the UK’S Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution.But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot,it turns out.
2 Avoid walking in busy streets.Choose side streets and parks instead.Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust furies(废气).Also don’t walk behind smokers.Walk on the windward(顶风的)side of the street where exposure of pollutants(污染物)can be 50 percent less than on the downwind(顺风的)side.
3 Sifting on the driver'S side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent,compared with sitting on the side realest the pavement.Sifting upstairs on a double—decked(双层电车)can reduce exposure.It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus.Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic(有毒的)than that at street level,because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles(粒子)thrown up by wheels hitting the rails,while diesel(柴油机)and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.
4 When you are crossing a road,stand well back from the curb(路缘)while you wait for the light to change。Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic.As the traffic begins to move,fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds。So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference,even though it might sound silly.
5 There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours.Pollution levels fall during nighttime.The time of year also makes a big difference.Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest.Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build—up of pollutants.
第 23 题 Paragraph 2_________
A When you get up
B Where you stand while waiting to cross a road
C Where you walk
D Where you sit on a bus and how you travel
E When you go to bed
F When pollution levels rise and fall

A.It
B.The
C.But
D.
2
E.Choose
F.Pollution
G.Also
H.Walk
I.
3
J.Sifting
K.It
L.Air
M.
4
N.As
O.
5
P.Pollution
Q.The
R.Pollution
S.Extreme
T.
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单项选择题

根据下列文章,请回答 16~22 题。
Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated
Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics 'boffin' (科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of people pick-ed a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard.
While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31.
The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响) test tubes. These stereotypes are really damaging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they don't see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply don't relate to the media's image of the mad scientist.
This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop children's interest in science.
In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of science festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design.
第 16 题 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

A.
While
B.
The
C.
This
D.
In
E.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not
单项选择题

根据下列文章,请回答 36~40 题。
Pool Watch
Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. A report says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning.
When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager (呼机). In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, says Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies.
Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers' trajectories (轨迹). To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool.
It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory.
To pick out potential drowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the software's 'pre-alert' (预先警戒) list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures (使模糊) the pool's floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.
The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork (时钟装置) radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools - and he was once an underwater escapologist (脱身杂技演员) with a circus (马戏团). '1 say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,' he says.
第 36 题 AI means the same as
A.an image.
B.an idea.
C.anything immobile.
D.artificial intelligence.

A.
When
B.
Poseidon
C.
It
D.
To
E.
The
F.an
G.
B.an
H.
C.anything
I.
D.artificial
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