多项选择题

空间数据误差的来源是多方面的,根据P.A.Burrough(1986)的建议,可以将GIS数据误差的来源归纳为:()三类。

A、源误差
B、操作误差
C、由自然变化或原始测量引起的误差
D、GIS处理过程引起的误差

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单项选择题

【案例分析题】

Big cites today are confronted with very serious problems.Transport is a【C1】______difficulty:some planners believe in【C2】______transport system;others believe in making it possible for citizens to move【C3】______in private cars.There are several ways of【C4】______a public transport system.Sometimes it is built under the ground,sometimes it is on the【C5】______,and sometimes it is even above ground level,【C6】______in parts of New York and more crime and Tokyo for example.In most cases,of course,it is a【C7】______of some or all of these elements.The【C8】______of the city centers has also been a problem in the last 30years.The hearts of many cities have become poorer and poorer,【C9】______more and more crime and violence,【C10】______the people who can afford to have moved out to the【C11】______.This is the opposite of the situation 100years a-go,【C12】______wealthypeoplelivedinthecenter,and the poor lived【C13】______the outskirts of the city.Ecological problems also【C14】______,as factories and cars pollute the air.tree are cut down to make【C15】______for urban clearways,and crowded conditions cause garbage to【C16】______in the streets.In order to solve these problems,some planners believe we should limit the size of our cities,perhaps by restricting population,or perhaps by offering【C17】______jobs in the provinces.Others believe that cities cannot be limited in size and that the problems must be solved in a【C18】______of ways—by creating green areas,building【C19】______houses for everybody,stopping factory pollution.【C20】______motor transport,and so on.

【C1】()

A.minor
B.major
C.little
D.small

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