问答题

论基于场景的软件体系结构评估方法
大型复杂软件系统开发所关注的问题之一是质量,在软件系统的早期设计阶段,选择合适的体系结构对系统许多关键质量属性(如可用性、可修改性、性能、安全性、易用性等)起着决定性的影响。不恰当的软件体系结构将给项目开发带来灾难。因此,尽早分析和评估一个系统的体系结构非常重要。软件体系结构分析和评估的目的是为了识别体系结构中潜在的风险,验证系统的质量需求在设计中是否得到体现,预测系统的质量并帮助开发人员进行设计决策。
软件体系结构的评估通常是指评估参与者在评估过程中利用特定评估方法对系统质量属性进行分析与评估。基于调查问卷或检查表的评估和基于场景(Scenarios)的评估是目前主要的两类评估方式。利用场景评估技术进行软件体系结构评估的主流方法包括 SAAM (Scenario-based Architecture Analysis Method)、ATAM (Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method)和CBAM (Cost Benefit Analysis Method)。SAAM方法最初用于比较不同的体系结构,后来用于指导对体系结构的检查,使其主要关注潜在的问题,如需求冲突,或仅从某一参与者观点出发的不全面的系统设计。ATAM方法在揭示出结构满足特定质量目标的同时,也能反映出质量目标之间的联系,从而权衡多个质量目标。 CBAM方法可以看作是ATAM方法的补充,在其评估结果上对软件体系结构的经济性进行评估。
请围绕“基于场景的软件体系结构评估方法”论题,依次从以下三个方面进行论述。
1.概要叙述你参与管理和开发的软件项目以及你在其中所担任的主要工作,包括角色、工作内容等。
2.请从评估目的、评估参与者、评估活动或过程、评估结果等几个方面对SAAM或ATAM评估方法进行分析。
3.结合你参与的实际工作和项目的实际情况,具体阐述你在进行体系结构设计和评估时,采用了什么评估方法,如何具体实施,最终实际效果如何。

A.概要叙述你参与管理和开发的软件项目以及你在其中所担任的主要工作,包括角色、工作内容等。
B.请从评估目的、评估参与者、评估活动或过程、评估结果等几个方面对SAAM或ATAM评估方法进行分析。
C.结合你参与的实际工作和项目的实际情况,具体阐述你在进行体系结构设计和评估时,采用了什么评估方法,如何具体实施,最终实际效果如何。
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?Read this text about business telephone etiquette.
?Choose the best sentence from A to G to fill each of the blanks.
?For each blank (8-12) , mark one letter (A-G) on your Answer Sheet.
?Do not mark any letter twice.
Telephone Etiquette
Proper Telephone Etiquette is more important than ever in today's business environment. Much of our business communication takes place on the phone: in the office, at home, in the car, virtually anywhere. In this area, proper phone technique can make or break deals or relationships The following are some guidelines to help you use the phone as a powerful tool.
First is the greeting. When answering the phone for business, be sure to identify yourself (and your company, if applicable). (8) Thus, the other party does not think they have reached a wrong number.
Use proper phone etiquette from the start. You want to be sure to be polite to the gatekeepers i. e. secretaries, receptionists etc. that answer the phone for your business contacts, as they are the ones who have the power to put you through. They may sit outside the office, but they too have influence and power so a greeting such as 'Good morning' is important. (9) Some business relationships, especially in fields like sales, start or stall right at the front desk.
When you have reached the party, if your call has been expected, remind them of the prior conversation and appointment. People get busy and can seem surprised until you remind them of where they should remember you from. (10) Calling unannounced is much like dropping in and you shouldn't overstay unless invited. If the other person does not have time, briefly state the purpose of your call and ask for an appointment to follow up at a later time.
Have a phone diary. Keep a pencil and pad near the phone and jot notes during phone conversations. This will help you actively listen and have a reference for later. (11) This lets the other person know that you care about what they have to say. Recap at the end of the call, using your notes, and repeat any resolutions or commitments on either side to be sure you are both on the same page.
End the call on a positive note by thanking the other person for their time and express an interest in speaking with them again (if that is true). (12) A gracious goodbye leaves the door open for further communication and in this day of mergers and acquisitions you never know with whom you will be doing business with in the future, so burning any bridges, or telephone lines, would be unwise.
A. Employ active listening noises such as 'yes' or 'I see' or 'great'.
B. It would also be wise to learn and use the names of the top assistants.
C. If not, just let them know you appreciated them speaking with you and end the call.
D. If your call is not expected, unless it will be a short call, ask the party if they have the time for you.
E. Remember, do not end the call abruptly.
F. If answering someone else's line, be sure to include their name in your speaking.
G. In this area, proper phone technique can make or break deals or relationships.
(8)

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