问答题

【简答题】背景资料
某某沿海大桥,其主墩基础有40根桩径为1.55m的钻孔灌注桩,实际成孔深度达50m。桥位区地质为:表层为5m的砾石,以下为37m的卵漂石层,在以下为软岩层。承包商采用下列施工方法进行施工:
场地平整,桩位放样,埋设护筒之后,采用冲击钻进行钻孔。然后设立钢筋骨架,在钢筋笼制作时,采用搭接焊接,当钢筋笼下放后,发现孔底沉淀量超标,但超标量较小,施工人员采用空压机风管进行扰动,使孔底残留沉渣处于悬浮状态。之后,安装导管,导管底口距孔底的距离为35cm,且导管口处于沉淀的淤泥渣之上,对导管进行接头抗拉试验,并用1.5倍的孔内水深压力的水压进行水密承压试验,试验合理后,进行混凝土灌注,混凝土坍落度18cm,混凝土灌注在整个过程中均连续均匀进行。
施工单位考虑到灌注时间较长,在混凝土中加入缓凝剂。首批混凝土灌注后埋置导管的深度为1.2m,在随后的灌注过程中,导管的埋置深度为3m。当灌注混凝土进行到10m时,出现坍孔,此时,施工人员立即用吸泥机进行清理;当灌注混凝土进行到23m时,发现导管埋管,但堵塞长度较短,施工人员采取用型钢插入导管的方法疏通导管;当灌注到27m时,导管挂在钢筋骨架上,施工人员采取了强制提升的方法;进行到32m时,又一次堵塞导管,施工人员在导管始终处于混凝土中的状态下,拔抽抖动导管,之后继续灌注混凝土,直到顺利完成。养生一段时间后发现有断桩事故。
问题:
断桩可能发生在何处,原因是什么?
在灌注水下混凝土时,导管可能出现的问题有哪些?
钻孔灌注桩的施工的主要工序是什么?
塞管处理的方法有哪些?
钻孔的方法有哪些?

答案: 问题1:
①可能发生在10m处;吸泥机清理不彻底时,形成灌注桩中断或混凝土中夹有泥石。②可能发生在27m处;采取...
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The amazing success of humans as a species
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today.The brain of the modem chimpanzee is
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most people’s minds of tools with humans
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【M1】()

答案: that改成which
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