The theoretical separation of living, ...

问答题The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.

参考答案：城乡规划中，多年来在理论上都是把居住、工作、变通和娱乐相互分隔开来的。在我看来，这便导致了对远离居住区的各种娱乐形式的过...

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1.单项选择题Forecasters sensed the 2004 hurricane season would be very active, but even storm veterans have been surprised by the past 30 days. Last month marked the first time since the beginning of postwar hurricane reconnaissance flights that August generated three major hurricanes in the Atlantic. If the current forecast track for hurricane Ivan holds, it will be the third hurricane to strike Florida in a month.
Yet for all its fury, this season’s burst of activity falls well within the bounds of past experience. What’s surprising, say experts, is that the US and Florida haven’t seen more major storms make landfall over the past few decades.
Despite the damage wrought by Charley and Frances, "we’ve been very fortunate," says William Gray, a tropical-meteorology specialist at Colorado State University who pioneered seasonal hurricane forecasting. He notes that since 1995, only 1 out of 7 major hurricanes spawned in the Atlantic have made landfall in the US, compared with the 100-year average of 1 in 3. The Florida peninsula alone saw 14 major hurricanes between 1926 and 1965. Since 1966, only three major storms have struck-Andrew, Charley, and Frances.
Now forecasters have their eyes on Ivan, which has devastated Grenada and Jamaica and at press time was bearing down on the Cayman Islands and Cuba with sustained winds near 155 miles an hour. Ivan has been blamed for 56 deaths in the Caribbean basin and, according to Red Cross estimates, 60,000 people on Grenada-two-thirds of the island’s population-are homeless and 34 people have died. On Jamaica, where an estimated 500,000 people ignored warnings to evacuate, at least 11 were killed.
Several factors have converged to make this hurricane season one for the record books, researchers say.
For one thing, long-term cycles affecting the ocean and atmosphere are at play. Known as the Atlantic multidecadal signal, "these atmospheric conditions and warmer ocean temperatures can turn up for decades at a time," says Gerald Bell, a meteorologist with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Climate Prediction Center in Camp Springs, Md. Currently, long-term patterns favor hurricane seasons that yield more tropical storms and hurricanes than normal. Conditions are similar to those that held sway from the mid-1920s to the mid-1960s, another period of above-normal tropical cyclone activity.
Within those periods, he adds, storm activity season to season is affected by features such as El Nino episodes. Their long-range reach can generate wind patterns over the Atlantic that suppress the formation of hurricanes.
Forecasters see a weak E1 Nino beginning to build in the eastern tropical Pacific. But they add that it’s unlikely to have much of an effect on this year’s hurricane season. And if it remains weak, it could have little effect on next year’s season.
In forecasting monthly activity for August, Dr. Gray says he and his colleagues missed unusually warm sea-surface temperatures in the eastern Atlantic, where hurricanes and tropical storms are born.
The team forecast above-average activity for the month, "but we could not have anticipated the unusually high amount of storm activity that occurred," he notes. August yielded eight named storms.
With the Atlantic basin in the midst of a long-term active phase for hurricanes, "undoubtedly [over] the next 20 years, we’re likely to see much more damage than during the last 20 years," Gray says.
The reason: While hurricane activity is more or less readjusting to its long-term averages after a period of relative quiet, more people are placing themselves, their houses, yachts, and office high-rises in storm paths when they move to hurricane- prone states and their geologically fragile shorelines. In 1926, a hurricane struck Florida that-if it were to happen today-would cause $100 billion in damage, notes Roger Pielke Jr., with the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
While no one advocates preventing people from moving to Florida or the Carolinas, the prospect of more growth in hurricane-prone areas puts the onus on residents to become familiar with preparing for hurricanes, on communities for enforcing building codes aimed at reducing damage, and on federal researchers to continue improvements in forecasting.
Which factor has NOT converged to make this hurricane season one for the record books

A．Long-term cycles affecting the ocean and atmosphere are at play.
B．Strong El Nino episodes whose long-range reach generate wind patterns over the Atlantic that suppress the formation of hurricanes.
C．A weak El Nino in the eastern tropical Pacific.
D．Unusually warm sea-surface temperatures in the eastern Atlantic.

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2.单项选择题The romantic archetype of the poor, isolated writer living abroad was perhaps best immortalized by Ernest Hemingway in "A Moveable Feast," his memoir of life in Paris as a young writer in the 1920s. Yet little remains of the kind of life he described, while electronic communications, cheap travel and modern economics have virtually wiped out much of the expatriate writer ethos.
Paradoxically, those same developments have made life more practical for the many writers who still seek distant shores to escape the conventions and restrictions of their home countries. Nevertheless, it’s not quite what it used to be, as a few expatriate writers attest.
Just this week, Norman Spinrad, an American science fiction writer who has lived in Paris for 15 years, suddenly had to repatriate to New York after his landlord decided to sell his Latin Quarter apartment. ’Tm being squeezed out of France," said Spinrad. "Because I’m a writer I don’t have a regular job. So in order to get an apartment they demand a year’s deposit to be tied up 20 grand or so and I am not rich enough to be able to lose 20 grand and then be able to continue to pay the rent. "Even if you’ve got the money, they’d rather rent it to somebody with a salary," added Spinrad, 63. "The paradox is that the French encourage creative artists on every other level, and I’ve been treated very well." Spinrad first came to France to write a novel set in Paris, but ended up staying because he liked the lifestyle. He said he intends to return if he can.
Jerome Charyn, another American writer from New York who lives in Paris, says he loves the "softness" of European culture. "I feel there’s a kind of brutality in America," he said. "It’s part of its virtues because as a creator you probably need that brutality. But as someone who’s just sort of bouncing around day-to-day, you don’t need it." Like many of today’s nomadic writers, Charyn maintains a home in his native country to fuel his fiction. "I feel like Jekyll and Hyde, I’m constantly split," he says. He teaches film at the American University of Paris and said that having a regular job helps the writer abroad in more ways than fighting bureaucracy. "It sort of puts you into the system, makes it easier for you to exist within the culture," he said. "You’re no longer that isolated because you’re seeing students, you’re seeing other faculty members, you have a very different kind of context."
Writers abroad say they do not feel cut off from what is happening in the United States. "I feel I know more about what’s going on in the States being here than being there," Spinrad said, "because the news there is just pitiful and pressured by the government, if not controlled." Cable television in France, he said, gives him both American news programs and international stations. Indeed, Herbert Lottman, a publishing business expert, long-time Paris resident and the author of books about Man Ray and Albert Camus, said that technology has made it almost impossible for writers to isolate themselves. "The world has changed and the medium has changed so there is no longer an expatriate hidden in a hole in a garret in Paris," he said. "Everything he thinks and says is e-mailed immediately to everybody he knows in the United States."
If Paris is inadvertently discouraging impoverished writers, Ireland encourages them by exempting writers from income taxes. Anne McCaffrey, a fantasy and science fiction writer, has lived in Ireland for more than 30 years, although she said she moved there partly to get away from an increasingly violent America when her children were young. She said that Ireland was also conducive to writers because "the Irish leave you to get on with your own business".
Some American writers prefer to live in Ireland because of the following reasons EXCEPT that

A．they don’t have to pay income tax in Ireland
B．they can get away from an increasingly violent America
C．the Irish leave them to get on with their own business
D．they can experience the real expatriate writer ethos that Ernest Hemingway had

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3.单项选择题Dr Corell heads a team of some 300 scientists who have spent the past four years investigating the matter in a process known as the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA). The group, drawn from the eight countries with territories inside the Arctic Circle, has just issued a report called "Impacts of a Warming Arctic", a lengthy summary of the principal scientific findings.
Scientists have long suspected that several factors lead to greater temperature swings at the poles than elsewhere on the planet. One is albedo (反照率)-the posh scientific name for how much sunlight is reflected by a planet’s surface, and how much is reflected. Most of the polar regions are covered in snow and ice, which are much more reflective than soil or ocean. If that snow melts, the exposure of dark earth (which absorbs heat) acts as a feedback loop that accelerates warming. A second factor that makes the poles special is that the atmosphere is thinner there than at the equator, and so less energy is required to warm it up. A third factor is that less solar energy is lost in evaporation at the frigid poles than in the steamy tropics.
Arctic warming may influence the global climate in several ways. One is that huge amounts of methane, a particularly potent greenhouse gas, are stored in the permafrost of the tundra. Although a thaw would allow forests to invade the tundra, which would tend to ameliorate any global warming that is going on (since trees capture carbon dioxide, the greenhouse gas most talked about in the context of climate change), a melting of the permafrost might also lead to a lot of trapped methane being released into the atmosphere, more than offsetting the cooling effects of the new forests.
Another worry is that Arctic warming will influence ocean circulation in ways that are not fully understood. One link in the chain is the salinity of sea water, which is decreasing in the north Atlantic thanks to an increase in glacial meltwaters. Because fresh water and salt water have different densities, this "freshening" of the ocean could change circulation patterns. The most celebrated risk is to the mid-Atlantic Conveyor Belt, a current which brings warm water from the tropics to north-western Europe, and which is responsible for that region’s unusually mild winters. Some of the ACIA’s experts are fretting over evidence of reduced density and salinity in waters near the Arctic that could adversely affect this current.
The biggest popular worry, though, is that melting Arctic ice could lead to a dramatic rise in sea level. Here, a few caveats are needed. For a start, much of the ice in the Arctic is floating in the sea already. Archimedes’s principle shows that the melting of this ice will make no immediate difference to the sea’s level, although it would change its albedo. Second, if land ice, such as that covering Greenland, does melt in large quantities, the process will take centuries. And third, although the experts are indeed worried that global warming might cause the oceans to rise, the main way they believe this will happen is by thermal expansion of the water itself.
Nevertheless, there is some cause for nervousness. As the ACIA researchers document, there are signs that the massive Greenland ice sheet might be melting more rapidly than was thought a few years ago. Cracks in the sheet appear to be allowing melt water to trickle to its base, explains Michael Oppenheimer, a climatologist at Princeton University who was not one of the report’s authors. That water may act as a lubricant, speeding up the sheet’s movement into the sea. If the entire sheet melted, the sea might rise by 6-7 metres. While acknowledging that disintegration this century is still an unlikely outcome, Dr Oppenheimer argues that the evidence of the past few years suggests it is more likely to happen over the next few centuries if the world does not reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. He worries that an accelerating Arctic warming trend may yet push the ice melt beyond an "irreversible on/off switch".
Not everybody wants to hear a story like that. But what people truly believe is happening can be seen in their actions better than in their words. One of the report’s most confident predictions is that the break-up of Arctic ice will open the region to long-distance shipping and, ironically, to drilling for oil and gas. It is surely no coincidence, then, that the Danish government, which controls Greenland, has just declared its intention to claim the mineral rights under the North Pole. It, at least, clearly believes that the Arctic ocean may soon be ice-free.
What does the word "caveat" in line 2, paragraph 5 most probably mean

A．A warning.
B．A qualification.
C．A explanation.
D．A formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard.

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4.填空题Alan Turing and Computer science
Computer plays very important role in today’s world, which is the result of many researchers’ efforts. The following is one of them.
I. The process:
1) Inventor: Turing, an eccentric young (1) .
2) Function:
A. Capable of scanning, or reading instructions encoded on a tape of theoretically (2) length.
B. responding to the sequential (3) and modifying its mechanical response if so ordered-the output of such a process,
Turing demonstrated, could replicate logical human thought.
3) The different names of the device:
A. The device in this (4) mind-experiment quickly acquired a name: the Turing machine.
B. Depending on the tape it scanned, the machine could (5) numbers or play chess or do anything else of a comparable nature.
Hence his device acquired a new and even grander name: the (6) Turing Machine.
II. Turing’s research paper relating to the device
1) Turing’s thoughts were recognized by the few readers capable of understanding them as theoretically interesting, even provocative.
2) But no one recognized that Turing’s machine provided a (7) for what would eventually become the electronic (8) computer.
III. Comment:
1) Everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing (9) , is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine.
2) Turing remains a hero to proponents of (10) intelligence.

参考答案：inspired

5.单项选择题What can you infer from the conversation

A．Terry knows less about kitchen than Joyce.
B．Joyce knows more about kitchen than Joyce.
C．Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce.
D．Terry knows as much about the kitchen as Joyce.

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6.填空题The cinema has learned a great deal from the theater about presentation. Gone are the days when crowds were packed on wooden benches in tumble-down buildings to gape the antics of silent, jerking figures on the screen, where some poor pianist made frantic efforts to translate the dramas into music. These days it is quite easier to find a cinema that surpasses a theater in luxury. Even in small villages, cinemas are spacious, well-lit and well-ventilated places where one can sit for comfort. The projectionist has been trained to give the audience time to prepare themselves for the film they are to see. Talk drops to a whisper and then fades out together. As soon as the cinema is in darkness, spotlights are focused on the curtains which are drawn slowly apart, often to the accompany Of music, to reveal the title of the film.
Everything has carefully contrived so that the spectator will never actually see the naked screen which will remind him all too sharply that what he is about to see is nothing merely shadows flickering on a white board. However much the cinema tries to simulate the conditions in a theater, it never fully succeeds. Nothing can equal to the awe and sense of hushed expectation which is felt by a theater audience as the curtain is slowly risen.

参考答案：easier→easy。

7.单项选择题Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions.
Now listen to the News.Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the News.
What do Microsoft expect XP to do

A．They expect that XP will attract users to use their new product.
B．They expect that XP will enhance American economy.
C．They expect that XP will slow down computer sales.
D．They expect that XP will replace the old editions.

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8.问答题在一瞬间的局促不安之后，教授情急生智，他竭力做出洗耳恭听的样子，不仅默不作声，而且大做其笔记。当领事演说完毕之后，只见夏先生从容起立，用英语为领事重新演说一番。一开头他便说，我(总领事)这次离纽约返国，内心充满了一喜一悲的矛盾。喜的是即将重返祖国与亲朋久别重聚，悲的是与纽诸新交旧识从此握别……夏先生如此这般发挥了一气，说得情文并茂。当他的“翻译”演说结束的时候，全场热情洋溢，掌声如雷。

参考答案：For a moment，the professor felt rather embarrassed．But he su...

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9.单项选择题For eight years the Clinton Administration preached the need for exquisite sensitivity to the Russians. They’d had a rough time. They needed nurturing from their new American friends.
They got it. We fed them loans, knowing that much of the money would disappear corruptly. We turned away from atrocity in Chechnya lest we weaken the new Russian state. But most important, we went weak in the knees on missile defense. The prospect of American antiballistic missiles upset the Russians. And upsetting the Russians was something we simply were not to do.
The Russians cannot keep up with American technology. And they fear that an American missile shield will render obsolete their last remnant of greatness: their monster, nuclear-tipped missiles. So they insist that we adhere to a 1972 treaty signed with the defunct Soviet Union that prohibited either side from developing missile defenses. That the treaty is obsolete-it long predates the world of rogue states racing to acquire missile-launched weapons of mass destruction-does not concern the Russians. Withdraw from the treaty, they said, and you have destroyed the "strategic stability" on which the peace of the world depends.
The Clinton Administration took that threat seriously-so seriously that for eight years it equivocated on building an American ABM system. Finally, President Clinton promised to decide by June 2000. Come June, he punted.
Eight years, and no defense. But the bear was content.
Bear contentment was never a high priority for Ronald Reagan. He offered a different model for dealing with the Russians. The 1980s model went by the name of peace through strength. But it was more than that. It was judicious but unapologetic unilateralism. It was willingness-in the face of threats and bluster from foreign adversaries and nervous apprehension from domestic critics-to do what the U.S. needed to do for its own security. Regardless.
It was Reagan who famously proposed a missile shield, and even more famously refused to barter it away at the Reykjavik summit, an event many historians consider the turning point in the cold war. That marked the beginning of the Soviets’ definitive realization that they were going to lose the arms race to the U.S.-and that neither threats nor cajoling would dissuade the U.S. from running it.
This decade starts with a return to the unabashed unilateralism of the 1980s. It began last year with a speech by George W. Bush proposing that the U.S. build weapons to meet American needs-and not to accommodate the complaints or gain the agreement of other countries. For 40 years the U.S. would not cut its offensive nuclear missiles except in conjunction with Soviet cuts. Bush’s refreshing question was: Why We don’t need Rnssians cutting our offensive weapons through arms-control treaties. And we don’t need Russians telling us whether or not to build defensive weapons.
This was the genesis of the Bush Doctrine, now taking shape as the Administration takes power. Its motto is, we build to suit-ourselves. Accordingly, the President and the Secretary of Defense have been unequivocal about their determination to go ahead with a missile defense.
They staked their claim. And what happened Did the sky fall, as the Clinton Russian experts warned On the contrary. Convinced at last of American seriousness, the Russians immediately acquiesced. After just one month of Bush, Moscow has come forward with its very own missile-defense plan. The fact that it is not well sketched out and that it is in part designed to split the U.S. off from Europe is beside the point. The Russians have responded, as did the Soviets before them, to American firmness. Faced with reality, they accommodate it.
Who defines reality; there lies the difference between this Administration and the last. Clinton let Russian opposition define reality. Bush, like Reagan, understands that the U.S. can reshape, indeed remake, reality on its own.
In the liberal internationalist view of the world, the U.S. is merely one among many-a stronger country, yes, but one that has to adapt itself to the will and the needs of "the international community." That is why the Clinton Administration was almost manic in pursuit of multilateral treaties-on chemical weapons, biological weapons, nuclear testing, proliferation. No matter that they could not be enforced. Our very signing would show us to be a good international citizen.
This is folly. America is not mere international citizen. It is the dominant power in the world, more dominant than any since Rome. Accordingly America is in a position to reshape norms, alter expectations and create new realities. How By unapologetic and implacable demonstrations of will.
______ does not concern the Russians.

A．The US withdrawal from the treaty
B．That the treaty is obsolete
C．That several rogue states race to acquire missile-launched WMD
D．That the Russians cannot keep up with American technology

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10.单项选择题How is the kitchen different from all other kitchens on the market

A．It is easier to clean and repair.
B．It is non-fixed and flexible.
C．All its units are of the same height.
D．Its chopping board is nearer to the sink.

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