Which is TRUE about IQ test according ...

单项选择题

Geniuses
In 1905, Albert Einstein developed the theory of special relativity. He also proved that atoms exist and figured out that light behaves as both a particle and a wave. To top it all off, he developed his famous equation E=mc^c, which describes the relationship between matter and energy, the same year. He was only 26 years old.
Without a doubt, Einstein was a genius. So was Isaac Newton-as any fan of "Star Trek". The Next Generation can say he invented physics. He also played a big role in the development of calculus, which some people have trouble comprehending even after extensive classroom study. Another genius, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, started composing music when he was 5 years old. Mozart wrote hundreds of pieces before his death in 1760 at age 35.
According to conventional wisdom, geniuses are different from everyone else. They can think faster and better than other people, In addition, many people think that all that extra brainpower leads to eccentric or quirky behavior. And although geniuses are fairly easy to spot, defining exactly what makes one person a genius is a little trickier. Figuring out how that person became a genius is harder still.
There are two big things that make it difficult to study genius:
The genius label is subjective. Some people insist that anyone with an intelligence quotient (IQ) higher than a certain value is a genius. Others feel that IQ tests measure only a limited part of a person’s total intelligence. Some believe high test scores have little to do with real genius.
Genius is a big-picture concept. Most scientific and medical inquiries, on the other band, examine de tails. A concept as subjective as genius isn’t easy to quantify, analyze or study.
So, when exploring how geniuses work, it’s a good idea to start by defining precisely what a genius is. For the purpose of this article, a genius isn’t simply someone with an exceptionally high IQ. Instead, a genius is an extraordinarily intelligent person who breaks new ground with discoveries, inventions or works of art. Usually, a genius’ work changes the way people view the world or the field in which the work took place. In other words, a genius must be both intelligent and able to use that intelligence in a productive or impressive way.
Genius and the Brain
The brain regulates the body’s organ systems. When a person moves around, it sends impulses along the nerves and tells the muscles what to do. The brain controls the senses of smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing, and the person experiences and processes emotions using his brain, On top of all that, the brain allows people to think, analyze information and solve problems. But how does it make someone smart
Scientists haven’t figured out exactly how all the gray matter in the brain works, but they do have an idea of which part lets people think. The cerebral cortex (大脑皮层), which is the outermost part of the brain, is where thought and reasoning happen. These are the brain’s higher function-- the lower functions, which relate to basic survival, take place deeper in the brain.
The cerebral cortex is the largest part of the brain, and it’s full of wrinkles and folds that allow it to fit in the skull. If an adult human’s cerebral cortex is removed and stretched out, it would be about as large as a few pages of a newspaper. It’s divided into several lobes(裂片), and different regions within these lobes handle specific tasks related to how people think.
In spite of all those challenges to see the brain inside and how it works, researchers have figured out a few things about how the brain affects intelligence. A 2004 study at the University of California, Irvine found that the volume of gray matter in parts of the cerebral cortex had a greater impact on intelligence than the brain’s total volume. The findings suggest that the physical attributes of many parts of the brain--rather than a centralized "intelligence center" --determine how smart a person is.
Genius and Intelligence
Like genius, intelligence can be difficult to quantify. Psychologists and neuroscientists study intelligence extensively. An entire field of study, known as psychometrics, is devoted to studying and measuring intelligence. But even within that field, experts don’t always agree on exactly what it is or how best to analyze it. And while intelligence is central to genius, not all geniuses score well on intelligence tests or perform well in school.
Intelligence testing has existed for thousands of years. The tests we know as IQ tests got their start near the end of the 19th century. Today, IQ tests generally measure a person’s memory as well as language, spatial and mathematical abilities.
IQ tests are also standardized so that most people score between 90 and 110. When placed on a graph, the IQ test scores of a large group of people will generally resemble a bell curve, with most people scoring in the average range. A common perception is that anyone scoring above a certain number--often 140--is automatically a genius. But in spite of the existence of high-IQ organizations, many scientists caution that there is no such thing as a genius-level IQ.
Many educators and researchers feel that, in general, standardized IQ tests do a good job of predicting how well a child will perform in school. Schools often use these tests to determine which children to place in gifted or special education classes. Most colleges and universities and some employers also use standardized tests as part of their application processes.
Intelligence and Adjustment
One of the stereotypes surrounding gifted children is that they have trouble fitting in at school. Several scientific studies suggest that the stereotype has a foundation in reality. A Purdue University study of 423 gifted students suggested that they were susceptible to bullying. A 20-year study of gifted children ending in 1940 suggested that the trend of not fitting in continues into adulthood. The study used a test that measured both verbal intelligence and personal adjustment. People who scored above 140 in verbal intelligence generally had lower personal adjustment scores.
However, in spite of their prevalence, these tests are not foolproof. In general, some minorities and people with lower income levels tend to score lower than people from other racial and economic groups. Critics contend that this makes IQ tests invalid or unfair. Others argue that they instead point out unfair ness and prejudice within a society.
In addition, some researchers and theorists argue that the IQ test is too limiting and doesn’t really give a full view of a person’s intelligence. These researchers feel that intelligence is a combination of many factors.
Creativity and Genius
Geniuses like Einstein are also known for their creativity and productivity--and sometimes for their quirky behavior.
There’s a big difference between being really smart and being a genius. While geniuses tend to be exceptionally intelligent, they also use imagination and creativity to invent, discover or create something new within their field of interest. They break now ground rather than simply remembering or reciting existing information.
The creativity of geniuses also relates to productivity and hard work. Sometimes, the most dramatic examples of genius involve people who produce their best work at a very young age. However, not every genius produces exceptional work early in life the way Einstein and Mozart did. Some, like Ludwig yon Beethoven, do their best work later in life.
We may never know precisely where creativity comes from, why some people use their creativity more than others or why some people are most creative during specific times in their lives. We may not learn how one person ends up with the right balance of brainpower, intelligence and creativity to become a genius. But it’s clear that geniuses are central to advancements in science, technology and understanding. Without geniuses, our understanding of mathematics, literature and music would be completely different. Concepts that we now take for granted, like gravity, planetary orbits and black holes, might still be undiscovered.
Which is TRUE about IQ test according to the passage

A．People who has a higher IQ is a genius.
B．IQ test measures a limited part of a person’s intelligence.
C．High test scores have little to do with real genius.
D．There is still a controversy on whether IQ test can tell all about the genius.

点击查看答案&解析

你可能感兴趣的试题

1.填空题
It’s said very few children survived cancer before the 1970s. (36) treatments now show hops of long-term survival for almost eighty percent of young cancer patients. Yet the chemical drugs and radiation (37) to cure their cancers can cause other problems later.
A newly reported study (38) more than 12,000 grown-ups who (39) childhood cancers. Their average age at the time of the study was twenty-eight.
The researchers found that sixty-two percent of the cancer survivors had at least one (40) health problem. And they were eight times as likely as their sisters or brothers to (41) life-threatening conditions, because chemical drugs can damage bone growth during an important period of (42) and radiation for some cancers can (43) the risk of other cancers later.
Survivors of bone cancers, and cancers of the central nervous system were at highest risk for health problems as adults. (44) .
Doctors say newer cancer treatments are a little safer but not much. Still, (45)
According to the author of the study, doctors should watch closely for problems as childhood cancer survivors get older, He says (46) . And he says it is especially important for survivors to eat right, exercise and not smoke.

参考答案：Improved

2.填空题
Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work
The Industrial Age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The Industrial Age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting(使人畏缩的) thought. But, in fact, it could offer a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home loves and the places in which they love.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to the paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.What does the author think about the coming end of the Industrial Age

参考答案：It could offer a better future for work.

3.单项选择题

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage yon have just heard.

A．With his grandparents.
B．In student housing.
C．With his wife’s parents.
D．In his own apartment.

点击查看答案&解析

4.单项选择题

Passage 1
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．The importance of silent reading.
B．The information yielded by books and newspapers.
C．The effects of healthy reading.
D．The value of different types of reading materials.

点击查看答案&解析

5.单项选择题

Questions 11 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．He is seriously ill and still in hospital.
B．Mary will do his work instead.
C．Morrison is his doctor.
D．He will go to work tomorrow.

点击查看答案&解析

6.单项选择题

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．They lived in large groups.
B．They used sand as insulation.
C．They kept fires burning constantly.
D．They faced their homes toward the south.

点击查看答案&解析

7.单项选择题

Passage 2
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．When we are tired.
B．When we have a balanced diet.
C．When we can relax.
D．When we do regular exercise.

点击查看答案&解析

8.单项选择题

Passage 3
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．Teach the students the right way of thinking,
B．Point out the students’ mistakes and correct them.
C．Give the students correct answers and let them work on their own.
D．Do some routine work.

点击查看答案&解析

9.填空题
Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work
The Industrial Age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The Industrial Age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting(使人畏缩的) thought. But, in fact, it could offer a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home loves and the places in which they love.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to the paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that ______.

参考答案：the present high unemployment is a fact of life

10.单项选择题

Passage 1
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A．A change in the status of educated people.
B．A change in the nature of reading.
C．An increase in the number of books.
D．An increase in the average age of readers.

点击查看答案&解析

延伸阅读

你可能感兴趣的试题