The expression "follow the headlines"(...

单项选择题In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special-interest groups, and opinion leaders.
Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white-collar workers, non-union workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of full-time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one’s view of current events.
The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to "follow the headlines". Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions.
The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Today’s elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days ot Franklin D. Roosevelt and his "fireside chats", presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs.
Special-interest groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens’ organizations successful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare.
Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, some business personalities, and celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel Prize winners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.
The expression "follow the headlines"(in Para. 3) shows______.

A．people seldom have time to read newspaper articles
B．people think the headlines contain the most important information
C．people often get their opinions from newspapers or television
D．most people look on newspapers or TV as misleading

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1.单项选择题Questions 18～20 are based on an interview about a murder. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 18～20.Who is the murderer

A．A minicab driver.
B．The drunk.
C．Two women.
D．Not known yet.

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2.单项选择题Questions 14～17 are based on the following monologue introducing the origin of an expression. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 14～17.Who started the McDonald’s

A．Ray Kroc.
B．Wendy.
C．McDonald.
D．Three old women.

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3.单项选择题Questions 11～13 are based on a conversation between two college classmates, You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11～13.If a student is on a waiting list, it means he will______.

A．wait for another year to apply again
B．wait for the school to make the decision
C．go to the college if he accepts the offer
D．wait until other applicants get the result

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4.填空题

参考答案：destroying their relationships

5.单项选择题Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.
Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression to us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.
People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the life- styles of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.
In the workplace, men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of "masculine" and "feminine" attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternative to women has also been greater than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorable for managerial positions when the women display less "feminine" grooming — shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, "An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t get a job. \
From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend to believe that certain types of clothing can ______.

A．change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyles
B．help young people make friends with the opposite sex
C．make them competitive in the job market
D．help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships

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6.单项选择题Many people who fly at least occasionally have come down with a cold or the flu shortly after disembarking. Is the air in airborne commercial jets (21) The Association of Flight Attendants (AFA), (22) which 42000 flight attendants with 27 airlines are represented, evidently thinks so. The organization claims that the incidence of air-quality-related diseases has (23) among its members and demands that prompt actions be (24) to improve the conditions in the airplane cabin.
A study the AFA (25) in 1997 uncovered about 1000 self-reported incidents of headaches, dizziness and memory loss (26) flight attendants and passengers. Some flight attendants were too ill to (27) their safety duties, while others have been permanently disabled.
Because of airlines’ efforts to (28) their expenses, cabin-air filters are not cleaned (29) . The complaints of flight attendants do not always give (30) to correct maintenance. Airlines turned to recycled air, (31) that they would reduce some of their costs. They are not required to put filters in. Airlines are (32) great pressure to get their flights out (33) . So they do not pay as much attention to systems that are not as (34) to flight schedule and safety.
Recent research findings emphasize the concern that filters can (35) engine chemicals into the cabin air. This may not happen (36) every flight, but it is a persistent problem.
In a study published in October 1998, an investigation was made (37) complaints of crew members (38) air quality and health. More than half of the 200 subjects reported health problems which they (39) to cabin air. It was concluded that these health problems were consistent with (40) harmful gases and substances.

A．of
B．in
C．by
D．to

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7.填空题0

参考答案：library

8.单项选择题In a democratic society citizens are encouraged to form their own opinions on candidates for public offices, taxes, constitutional amendments, environmental concerns, foreign policy, and other issues. The opinions held by any population are shaped and manipulated by several factors: individual circumstances, the mass media, special-interest groups, and opinion leaders.
Wealthy people tend to think differently on social issues from poor people. Factory workers probably do not share the same views as white-collar workers, non-union workers. Women employed outside their homes sometimes have perspectives different from those of full-time homemakers. In these and other ways individual status shapes one’s view of current events.
The mass media, especially television, are powerful influences on the way people think and act. Government officials note how mail from the public tends to "follow the headlines". Whatever is featured in newspapers and magazines and on television attracts enough attention that people begin to inform themselves and to express opinions.
The mass media have also created larger audiences for government and a wider range of public issues than existed before. Prior to television and the national editions of newspapers, issues and candidates tended to remain localized. In Great Britain and West Germany, for example, elections to the national legislatures were usually viewed by voters as local contests. Today’s elections are seen as struggles between party leaders and programs. In the United States radio and television have been beneficial to the presidency. Since the days ot Franklin D. Roosevelt and his "fireside chats", presidents have appealed directly to a national audience over the heads of Congress to advocate their programs.
Special-interest groups spend vast sums annually trying to influence public opinion. Public utilities, for instance, tried to sway public opinion in favor of nuclear power plants. Opposed to them were citizens’ organizations successful advertising campaign designed to prevent the passage of medicare.
Opinion leaders are usually such prominent public figures as politicians, some business personalities, and celebrity athletes. The opinions of these individuals, whether informed and intelligent or not, carry weight with some segments of the population. Some individuals, such as Nobel Prize winners, are suddenly thrust into public view by the media. By quickly reaching a large audience, their views gain a hearing and are perhaps influential in shaping views on complex issues.
The second paragraph is mainly about ______.

A．the influence of gender on people’s view
B．the influence of people’s status on their view
C．the influence of living standard on people’s view
D．the influence of different jobs on people’s view

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9.单项选择题Human intelligence and the IQ scales used to measure it once again are becoming the focus of fiery debate
As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation’s schools, an old but explosive issue is reappearing: What is intelligence—and is it determined largely by genetics
The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some US scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests.
Now, the racial issue is being joined by others. Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ —intelligence quotient — tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors as family background, poverty and emotional disorders.
Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise in the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of super-smart children of brainy parents — and, on the other side of the scale, a lumpenproletariat of children reflecting the supposedly inferior brainpower of their parents.
Critics such as Harvard University biologist Richard C. Lewontin disagree. If mental ability were largely determined by inheritance, he says, efforts to enhance intelligence through the betterment of both home and child-rearing environments could only be marginally effective. He comments:
"Genetic determinism could be used to justify existing social injustice as predetermined and inevitable and would render efforts made toward equalitarian goals as useless. "
Supporting Lewontin in this is J. McVicker Hunt, a professor at the University of Illinois, who maintains that IQ levels can be raised significantly by exposing children at an early age to stimulating environments. Hunt’s studies show that early help in such areas as education and nutrition can raise a child’s IQ by an average of 30 to 35 points.
At stake in the uproar over IQ is the national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investing billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs.
The word "skewed"(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means______.

A．determined
B．directed
C．disclosed
D．distorted

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10.单项选择题Questions 14～17 are based on the following monologue introducing the origin of an expression. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 14～17.Why are hamburgers so popular in America

A．Because they are made from beef.
B．Because they are cheaper than any other kind of food.
C．Because they are served quickly at a low price.
D．Because hamburger is the only fast food in America.

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