There has rarely been a tougher time to
be a carmaker, Squeezed by the credit crunch, rocked by the seesawing price of
oil and now faced with a nasty recession as the banking crisis infects the real
economy, the traditional markets of North America, western Europe and Japan,
already sluggish (行动迟缓的) for several years, have all but packed up. In America
car sales are running at about 16% below last year’s level. Detroit’s struggling
big three -- General Motors, Ford and Chrysler- are in dire(可怕的) straits. They
have gotten a $25 billion bailout from Congress and are now looking for much
more. In Europe the market is also collapsing. Sales in Japan this year are
expected to be the lowest since 1974. However, not all is doom and gloom. Mature vehicle markets may be close to saturation (饱和), but there is huge unsatisfied demand in the big emerging car markets of Brazil, Russia, India and China (the so-called BRICs). Although not immune from the rich countries’ troubles, they are likely to suffer much less. For one thing, levels of personal debt are far lower and a smaller proportion of cars are bought on credit. For another, the BRIC economies have been expanding so fast that even a slowdown should still leave them with growth rates that look respectable to Western eyes. One measure of the BRIC countries’ new importance to the car industry is that, recession or not, global car sales in 2008 may still hit an all-time record of about 59 million. For the first time passenger-vehicle sales in the BRICs, at around 14 million, are likely to overtake those in America, which are expected to be the worst since 1992. As recently as 2005 America outsold them by over 10 million. By the end of this decade China, already the world’s second-biggest market, will probably overtake America’s sales of 16 million-17 million in a "normal" year. In Brazil sales have increased by nearly 30% in each of the past two years. It is the irresistible combination of rapid economic growth, favorable demographics (人口特征) and social change in the BRICs that is coming to the carmakers’ rescue and that is likely to account for nearly all their growth for the foreseeable future. America has more than 900 cars (including light trucks) for every 1,000 people of driving age. When times are hard, an American family that already has two or three cars will simply postpone buying a new one. But a potential customer in an emerging market who has been saving for years to buy his first car will still want to go ahead. As Carlos Ghosn, the boss of the Renault-Nissan alliance, put it at this year’s Beijing motor show: "Nothing can stop the car being the most coveted product that comes with development." |
A.their car markets still have huge demand
B.people owe lower debt and no one buy cars on credit
C.their car markets suffer little for the immunity from financial crisis
D.no slowdown should ever occur to their economy
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Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. |
A.Work load.
B.Writing the service guide.
C.Coffee.
D.Holiday plans.
Overnight success usually takes at
least 10 years. One man said, "My overnight success was the longest night of my
life, I (62) many days and nights (63)
getting there. "Remember," Rome was not built in a day. "Many people are waiting
for their, ship to come (64) -- when they’ve not even
(65) it out of the harbor. You see, winners (66)
do what losers don’t want to do. And they keep doing it till they get
the success they want. Success is mostly just (67) on after
others have let go! So the most important trip you’ll make is when you go the
(68) mile. Many people who (69) did not know how close they were to success when they gave up. People don’t (70) fail, they just (71) too easily. One guy said," The secret to success is to start from (72) and to keep on scratching. "Don’t quit (73) your trying times are hard. The great inventor, Thomas Edison, tried a (74) experiment hundreds of times, but didn’t work. So his assistant said to him, "It’s too bad that we did all that work without any results." But Edison said," Oh, we have lots of results! We now know 700 things that won’t work. " Never forget, delay does not always mean (75) . If we hold (76) and hold on. We can (77) almost anything we want. The British Prime Minister Winston Churchill said, "Never, never, never, never give up! " And the American President Calvin Coolidge said, "Nothing can (78) success like persistence. Talent cannot, for there are many talented people who are not successful. Education will not, for the world is full of (79) losers. Only persistence and determination can give you the (80) to succeed. "You see, you can succeed just like (81) else, just keep wanting it enough and to keep working for it enough. So why not decide it today to start going the extra mile on the road to your success Just think a minute... |
A.just
B.even
C.only
D.yet
Passage One
It has become a cliche among doctors
who deal with AIDS that the only way to stop the epidemic is to develop a
vaccine against HIV, the virus that causes it. Unfortunately, there is no sign
of such a thing becoming available soon. The best hope was withdrawn from trials
just over a year ago amid fears that it might actually be making things worse.
As a result, vaccine researchers have mostly gone back to the drawing board of
basic research. Meanwhile, the virus marches on. Last year, according to UNAIDS,
the international body charged with combating it, 2.7 million people were
infected, bringing the estimated total to 33 million. Reuben Granich and his colleagues at the World Health Organization (WHO), though, have been exploring an alternative approach. Instead of a vaccine, they wonder, as they write in The Lancet, whether the job might be done with drugs. In the spread of any contagious disease, each act of infection has two parties, one who already has the disease and one who does not. Vaccination works by treating the uninfected individual prophylactically (预防地). Since it is" impossible to say in advance who might be exposed, that means vaccinating everybody. The alternative, as Dr. Granich observes, is to treat the infected individual and thus stop him being infectious. For this to curb an epidemic would require an enormous public-health campaign of the sort used to promote vaccination. But that campaign would be of a different kind. It would have to identify all (or, at least, almost all) of those infected. It would then have to persuade them to undergo not a short, simple vaccination course, but rather a drug regime that would continue indefinitely. The first question to ask of such an approach is, could it work in principle It is this that Dr. Granich and his colleagues have tried to answer. Using data from several African countries, they have constructed a computer model to test the idea. In their ideal world, everyone over the age of 15 would volunteer for testing once a year. If found to be infected, they would be put immediately onto a course of what are known as first-line antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). These are reasonably cheap, often generic, pharmaceuticals (医药品) that, although they do not cure someone, do lower the level of the virus in his body to the extent that he suffers no symptoms. They also -- and this is the point of the study -- reduce the level enough to make him unlikely to pass the virus on. For the 3% or so of people per year for whom the first-line ARVs do not work, more expensive second-line treatments would be used. |
A.it tries to vaccinate everybody by preventing them from infected
B.it treats the individuals infected to prevent them from spreading
C.it tries to deal with all the contagious diseases
D.it persuades the infected patients to have a vaccination course
There has rarely been a tougher time to
be a carmaker, Squeezed by the credit crunch, rocked by the seesawing price of
oil and now faced with a nasty recession as the banking crisis infects the real
economy, the traditional markets of North America, western Europe and Japan,
already sluggish (行动迟缓的) for several years, have all but packed up. In America
car sales are running at about 16% below last year’s level. Detroit’s struggling
big three -- General Motors, Ford and Chrysler- are in dire(可怕的) straits. They
have gotten a $25 billion bailout from Congress and are now looking for much
more. In Europe the market is also collapsing. Sales in Japan this year are
expected to be the lowest since 1974. However, not all is doom and gloom. Mature vehicle markets may be close to saturation (饱和), but there is huge unsatisfied demand in the big emerging car markets of Brazil, Russia, India and China (the so-called BRICs). Although not immune from the rich countries’ troubles, they are likely to suffer much less. For one thing, levels of personal debt are far lower and a smaller proportion of cars are bought on credit. For another, the BRIC economies have been expanding so fast that even a slowdown should still leave them with growth rates that look respectable to Western eyes. One measure of the BRIC countries’ new importance to the car industry is that, recession or not, global car sales in 2008 may still hit an all-time record of about 59 million. For the first time passenger-vehicle sales in the BRICs, at around 14 million, are likely to overtake those in America, which are expected to be the worst since 1992. As recently as 2005 America outsold them by over 10 million. By the end of this decade China, already the world’s second-biggest market, will probably overtake America’s sales of 16 million-17 million in a "normal" year. In Brazil sales have increased by nearly 30% in each of the past two years. It is the irresistible combination of rapid economic growth, favorable demographics (人口特征) and social change in the BRICs that is coming to the carmakers’ rescue and that is likely to account for nearly all their growth for the foreseeable future. America has more than 900 cars (including light trucks) for every 1,000 people of driving age. When times are hard, an American family that already has two or three cars will simply postpone buying a new one. But a potential customer in an emerging market who has been saving for years to buy his first car will still want to go ahead. As Carlos Ghosn, the boss of the Renault-Nissan alliance, put it at this year’s Beijing motor show: "Nothing can stop the car being the most coveted product that comes with development." |
A.The difficult situation in America is just temporary instead of permanent.
B.The mature vehicle markets are not doomed to suffer the gloom.
C.Not all vehicle markets are suffering such a gloomy situation.
D.Only carmakers in Detroit are undergoing the difficult situation.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard. |
A.Chocolate flavored.
B.Garlic flavored.
C.Mint flavored.
D.Fruit flavored.
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