大学英语六级题库_大学英语题库

填空题For those anxious about committing to a master"s degree, there is the post-baccalaureate (学士后) certificate. Usually a four- to seven-course, self-contained certificate provides 1 academic study, or job-specific skills training, with a minimum 2 of time and money, and potentially significant payback.
Nearly 51000 people earned the certificate in 2010—a 46 percent increase in five years. For men, having the certificate adds an average 25 percent in earnings; for women, who tend toward less 3 fields such as teaching and health care, the 4 is an average 13 percent, according to research from Georgetown University"s Center on Education and the Workforce. About 3 percent of the workforce—or 4 million workers—have certificates.
Certificates are market-driven. Colleges and universities, alert to evolving workplace requirements (and business opportunities in higher education), 5 gaps in education and training that appeal to adult students looking for a way to stand out or retool (重新安排) their careers.
In some fields, especially health care, education, counseling, engineering and technology, certificates provide compulsory training for certain jobs or promotions, or make one 6 for higher pay scales. In other fields (arts management, interior design, public relations), the certificate shows interest and acquired knowledge in an area that is likely helpful in performing a job. Other certificates reflect 7 in areas so new, or quickly changing, that a demonstrated specialty can put a job applicant in front of the pack: homeland security, sports industry management. Some are purely 8 (African American studies), and some are training-specific (clinical research administration).
If you can think of a specialty or job skill you want, there is probably a certificate, and a school-on-ground or online—that will qualify you in the subject. But it is a buyer-beware marketplace, education experts say. A certificate can run into the thousands of dollars (American University"s 15-credit online digital media skills certificate costs $12000), so job 9 and schools should be researched before 10 on.
A. academic
B. boost
C. distinguish
D. eligible
E. identify
F. insisting
G. investment
H. involvement
I. limitations
J. prospects
K. signing
L. specialized
M. specified
N. strengths
O. technical

参考答案：N名词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填一个名词作动词reflect的宾语。本句继续阐述证书对求职者的益处，故stre...

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1.单项选择题According to the most recent American Freshman survey, conducted annually by the University of California, Los Angeles, undergraduates" chief objective in life is to be financially well-off. For this new crop of college students, attaining wealth ranks higher than raising a family and becoming an authority in their chosen field. Moreover, they listed their primary factor in choosing a school program as whether the graduates get good jobs.
Long gone are the days of attending college to develop a "meaningful philosophy of life", which was the top concern for freshmen in 1971. Now, students focus on employability and potential earnings, both reflected in the undergraduate majors they pursue. But are men and women"s choice of college majors equally stacked in terms of job openings and future salary Close, but not quite. The most popular college major for both men and women, according to the US Department of Education"s latest figures, is business. In 2008 business degrees were awarded to 21% of the 1.6 million graduates who received a bachelor"s. And women received nearly half (49%) of those practical business degrees. As an undergraduate major, business is broad enough to offer several career possibilities. It equips students to work in finance, sales, consulting, marketing and management positions. It"s also impressive enough to help graduates land a job.
However, men still dominate many of the majors with the highest earning potential. Engineering ranks at No. 3 on the list of men"s most popular majors, and 83.2% of students in the major are men. Meanwhile, it is absent from women"s top-10 list. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) expects the field of engineering to grow 11% by 2018 and estimates it pays an average $132000 to the top 10% of workers. Similarly, men make up the vast majority (82.4%) of computer and information science majors. This is another field that will be in demand and well-paid. The BLS projects job openings for computer and information scientists will increase 24% in the next decade. Top talent earns an average of $155000.
As may be expected, women do still dominate many of the traditionally "soft" majors. On the list of women"s most popular majors, education (No. 4), English (No. 9) and liberal arts (No. 10) rank far above their positions on men"s list. These fields of study lead themselves to careers like teaching, writing and editing, public relations or sales. While there are well-paid positions in these fields, median salaries range between $35000 and $55000. Interestingly, the appeal of studying education seems to be slipping. Over the last decade education degrees have decreased 3%, though women still dominate the major and receive 85.4% of education degrees.What can we learn from the last paragraph

A．Education appeals to an increasing number of male students.
B．Education offers jobs with higher stability and salaries.
C．Education offers students a wider range of job choices.
D．Education is losing its attraction among undergraduates.

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2.单项选择题Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor-husband-and-wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure.
If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly The unhappily married couple, in most cases, remains together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage.
The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage.
The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic "cement" holding their marriage together.
Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses (支持物) has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e.g. division of property, alimony (赡养费), child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.
Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners.
Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government subsidized (信贷津贴) AFDC payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government subsidized payments.The author argues that ______.

A．the agreement between couples reinforces family stability
B．expected AFDC income helps to strengthen family stability
C．AFDC regulations are to blame for family instability
D．welfare opportunities are a determinant of family instability in poor areas

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3.填空题Crowdsourcing a Better World
A. The crowdsourcing concept—collecting contributions from many individuals to achieve a goal—was being used long before Wikipedia. The National Audubon Society has been organizing people to do an annual count of all the birds in the Western hemisphere since Christmas Day, 1900. The Pilsbury Bake-Off—crowdsourcing for a commercial cause—is now 62 years old.
B. But online crowdsourcing is a relatively recent phenomenon, and the efficiencies it brings to communicating within a large group make it useful in many new ways. At catwalkgenius.com it is bringing together fashion designers and financial backers. At usertesting.com it provides feedback on why people leave your Web site. It connects musicians and their fans to help organize private concerts at owngig.com. Innocentive.com uses it to solve scientific and technological problems: Companies stuck on a problem put it up on the site and offer a cash prize for a solution. But today, I"ll look at how crowdsourcing can help with something else: aggregating and organizing knowledge.
C. Immediately after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors began to fail in Japan, people turned to official sources for information. What they heard were often bland (平淡乏味的) and vague assurances of safety. But people wanted specifics. They wanted to know the radiation levels in their areas, and did not trust the government sources. In response, several crowdsource sites sprang up to collect and map radiation levels in Japan and even on the west coast of the United States: rdtn.org, geigercrowd.net and japanstatus.com are three of them.
D. These sites ask people with Geiger counters—and if you happen to not own one, they tell you where to buy one—to measure radiation levels and send the information to their site. They aggregate and map the responses.
E. One prototype for this kind of crowdsourcing is Ushahidi.com. Ushahidi, which means "testimony" in Swahili, was developed in Kenya in 2008 to map numerous reports of post-election violence. Ory Okolloh, a blogger, simply asked her readers: "Guys looking to do something: Any techies out there willing to do a mash up of where the violence and destruction is occurring using Google Maps"
F. A few days later, Kenyans had a Web site that allowed people to text or e-mail reports and see them plotted on a Google map of the country. It became useful not only for rapid intervention, but—as the name suggests—to document the deaths, injuries and destruction when virtually all other media were blacked out.
G. Since then, Ushahidi, led until recently by Okolloh, has become as ubiquitous (普遍存在的) in a disaster as the Red Cross. Just two hours after the earthquake in Haiti, Ushahidi set up a Haiti site and an Ushahidi techie who was studying at Tufts University in Massachusetts worked with a student group to organize 300 volunteers.
H. Haitian radio stations told their listeners to text 4 636 with their reports, which thousands of Creole-speaking volunteers in the US instantly translated. Any report that required action—about or from a trapped person, for example—was mapped by the volunteers and sent to rescuers.
I. Ushahidi has tracked reports of election fraud in Mexico, damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and critical shortages of important medicines at public health clinics in Uganda. During Washington"s Snowmageddon, Ushahidi was used to map obstacles like stuck cars and toppled trees. The idea was not to just give information to official work crews, but to allow ordinary citizens to organize themselves. Anyone with a shovel (铁锹) and a strong back could check the map for a site nearby and go. It has since been used in snow emergencies in other cities, including New York.
J. How can you be sure the information on a crowdsource site is trustworthy Well, you can"t. But Ushahidi is taking a stab at vetting (审查) its data through, of course, crowdsourcing. Its Swift River project aggregates and plots on maps not only data sent or texted to Ushahidi, but combines it with data from Twitter, YouTube and other sources. When data comes in, anyone can rate it for trustworthiness. The higher the rating it gets, the more prominently it is displayed.
K. Crowdsourcing can aggregate ideas as well as data. The California-based design firm Ideo has a site called openideo.com, which posts various challenges: How can we get people to register to be bone-marrow donors How can we use cell phones to improve maternal health in poor countries How can we get kids more interested in eating fresh food Each challenge has a financial sponsor: a group interested in solving the problem—the kids and food challenge, for example, was sponsored by British chef and healthy food crusader (拥护者) Jamie Oliver.
L. The process collects random ideas from the public, winnows (筛选) them down by theme and then asks readers to refine the ideas. The public then votes. Jamie Oliver"s organization has launched a project with OpenIDEO, an initiative to help working people cook more. But this was not one of the winning ideas. "People want to be thought of as something other than a source of money. They want to be thought of as creative, thinking people," said Ethan Zuckerman, a senior researcher at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard. "It"s not hard to contribute ideas, but the question is how helpful it is."
M. Crowdsourcing is also, of course, frequently used in journalism. Many media organizations now turn to readers for their experiences and for reporting help, but few do so as consistently and productively as ProPublica, a nonprofit group that produces investigative journalism that is published in media around the country, including in The Times . ProPublica"s Distributed Reporting Project has asked for information and tips from people affected by a variety of issues, including the Gulf oil spill and the mortgage and loan crisis.
N. A request for information from people who had tried to modify their home loans brought some 3000 responses, said Amanda Michel, ProPublica"s director of online engagement. Those contacted were asked to document their claims. ProPublica was aware its sample was far from random, but that wasn"t the aim. "We can take a much more subtle and granular (颗粒状的) look at complex processes by learning about the experiences of several thousand people," said Michel. "We"re not relying on a government official to tell us what is the average bad experience."
O. Readers can not only provide information to reporters about their own experiences, they can be reporters. For example, for its Stimulus Spot Check, ProPublica recruited readers to " rummage around (翻找) on the state"s Department of Transportation Web site and make several follow-up calls over the next week" to see how some 500 road and bridge projects were doing. They were given instructions on how to find out whether projects had been started, which companies had the contracts and how many jobs were produced.Ethan Zuckerman holds that it"s relatively easy to contribute ideas, but to determine the usefulness of ideas matters.

参考答案：L[解析] 由Ethan Zuckerman定位到L段最后三句。
同义转述题。由定位句可知，Ethan Zuc...

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4.填空题For those anxious about committing to a master"s degree, there is the post-baccalaureate (学士后) certificate. Usually a four- to seven-course, self-contained certificate provides 1 academic study, or job-specific skills training, with a minimum 2 of time and money, and potentially significant payback.
Nearly 51000 people earned the certificate in 2010—a 46 percent increase in five years. For men, having the certificate adds an average 25 percent in earnings; for women, who tend toward less 3 fields such as teaching and health care, the 4 is an average 13 percent, according to research from Georgetown University"s Center on Education and the Workforce. About 3 percent of the workforce—or 4 million workers—have certificates.
Certificates are market-driven. Colleges and universities, alert to evolving workplace requirements (and business opportunities in higher education), 5 gaps in education and training that appeal to adult students looking for a way to stand out or retool (重新安排) their careers.
In some fields, especially health care, education, counseling, engineering and technology, certificates provide compulsory training for certain jobs or promotions, or make one 6 for higher pay scales. In other fields (arts management, interior design, public relations), the certificate shows interest and acquired knowledge in an area that is likely helpful in performing a job. Other certificates reflect 7 in areas so new, or quickly changing, that a demonstrated specialty can put a job applicant in front of the pack: homeland security, sports industry management. Some are purely 8 (African American studies), and some are training-specific (clinical research administration).
If you can think of a specialty or job skill you want, there is probably a certificate, and a school-on-ground or online—that will qualify you in the subject. But it is a buyer-beware marketplace, education experts say. A certificate can run into the thousands of dollars (American University"s 15-credit online digital media skills certificate costs $12000), so job 9 and schools should be researched before 10 on.
A. academic
B. boost
C. distinguish
D. eligible
E. identify
F. insisting
G. investment
H. involvement
I. limitations
J. prospects
K. signing
L. specialized
M. specified
N. strengths
O. technical

参考答案：D形容词辨析题。根据句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词或动词，且该词能与后面的介词短语for higher pay scal...

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5.单项选择题According to the most recent American Freshman survey, conducted annually by the University of California, Los Angeles, undergraduates" chief objective in life is to be financially well-off. For this new crop of college students, attaining wealth ranks higher than raising a family and becoming an authority in their chosen field. Moreover, they listed their primary factor in choosing a school program as whether the graduates get good jobs.
Long gone are the days of attending college to develop a "meaningful philosophy of life", which was the top concern for freshmen in 1971. Now, students focus on employability and potential earnings, both reflected in the undergraduate majors they pursue. But are men and women"s choice of college majors equally stacked in terms of job openings and future salary Close, but not quite. The most popular college major for both men and women, according to the US Department of Education"s latest figures, is business. In 2008 business degrees were awarded to 21% of the 1.6 million graduates who received a bachelor"s. And women received nearly half (49%) of those practical business degrees. As an undergraduate major, business is broad enough to offer several career possibilities. It equips students to work in finance, sales, consulting, marketing and management positions. It"s also impressive enough to help graduates land a job.
However, men still dominate many of the majors with the highest earning potential. Engineering ranks at No. 3 on the list of men"s most popular majors, and 83.2% of students in the major are men. Meanwhile, it is absent from women"s top-10 list. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) expects the field of engineering to grow 11% by 2018 and estimates it pays an average $132000 to the top 10% of workers. Similarly, men make up the vast majority (82.4%) of computer and information science majors. This is another field that will be in demand and well-paid. The BLS projects job openings for computer and information scientists will increase 24% in the next decade. Top talent earns an average of $155000.
As may be expected, women do still dominate many of the traditionally "soft" majors. On the list of women"s most popular majors, education (No. 4), English (No. 9) and liberal arts (No. 10) rank far above their positions on men"s list. These fields of study lead themselves to careers like teaching, writing and editing, public relations or sales. While there are well-paid positions in these fields, median salaries range between $35000 and $55000. Interestingly, the appeal of studying education seems to be slipping. Over the last decade education degrees have decreased 3%, though women still dominate the major and receive 85.4% of education degrees.BLS predicts that men majoring in engineering and computer and information science will ______.

A．see a fast increase in the number of women taking the majors
B．witness a growth of over 10 percent in their annual income
C．find an expansion in vacancies offered by related industries
D．see a large sum of investment in related industries

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6.单项选择题Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor-husband-and-wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure.
If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly The unhappily married couple, in most cases, remains together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage.
The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage.
The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic "cement" holding their marriage together.
Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses (支持物) has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e.g. division of property, alimony (赡养费), child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.
Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners.
Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government subsidized (信贷津贴) AFDC payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government subsidized payments.According to the passage, marital instability can be explained by the following factors except ______.

A．the social stigma attached to divorce
B．the alimony
C．the social class
D．the division of property

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7.填空题Crowdsourcing a Better World
A. The crowdsourcing concept—collecting contributions from many individuals to achieve a goal—was being used long before Wikipedia. The National Audubon Society has been organizing people to do an annual count of all the birds in the Western hemisphere since Christmas Day, 1900. The Pilsbury Bake-Off—crowdsourcing for a commercial cause—is now 62 years old.
B. But online crowdsourcing is a relatively recent phenomenon, and the efficiencies it brings to communicating within a large group make it useful in many new ways. At catwalkgenius.com it is bringing together fashion designers and financial backers. At usertesting.com it provides feedback on why people leave your Web site. It connects musicians and their fans to help organize private concerts at owngig.com. Innocentive.com uses it to solve scientific and technological problems: Companies stuck on a problem put it up on the site and offer a cash prize for a solution. But today, I"ll look at how crowdsourcing can help with something else: aggregating and organizing knowledge.
C. Immediately after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors began to fail in Japan, people turned to official sources for information. What they heard were often bland (平淡乏味的) and vague assurances of safety. But people wanted specifics. They wanted to know the radiation levels in their areas, and did not trust the government sources. In response, several crowdsource sites sprang up to collect and map radiation levels in Japan and even on the west coast of the United States: rdtn.org, geigercrowd.net and japanstatus.com are three of them.
D. These sites ask people with Geiger counters—and if you happen to not own one, they tell you where to buy one—to measure radiation levels and send the information to their site. They aggregate and map the responses.
E. One prototype for this kind of crowdsourcing is Ushahidi.com. Ushahidi, which means "testimony" in Swahili, was developed in Kenya in 2008 to map numerous reports of post-election violence. Ory Okolloh, a blogger, simply asked her readers: "Guys looking to do something: Any techies out there willing to do a mash up of where the violence and destruction is occurring using Google Maps"
F. A few days later, Kenyans had a Web site that allowed people to text or e-mail reports and see them plotted on a Google map of the country. It became useful not only for rapid intervention, but—as the name suggests—to document the deaths, injuries and destruction when virtually all other media were blacked out.
G. Since then, Ushahidi, led until recently by Okolloh, has become as ubiquitous (普遍存在的) in a disaster as the Red Cross. Just two hours after the earthquake in Haiti, Ushahidi set up a Haiti site and an Ushahidi techie who was studying at Tufts University in Massachusetts worked with a student group to organize 300 volunteers.
H. Haitian radio stations told their listeners to text 4 636 with their reports, which thousands of Creole-speaking volunteers in the US instantly translated. Any report that required action—about or from a trapped person, for example—was mapped by the volunteers and sent to rescuers.
I. Ushahidi has tracked reports of election fraud in Mexico, damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and critical shortages of important medicines at public health clinics in Uganda. During Washington"s Snowmageddon, Ushahidi was used to map obstacles like stuck cars and toppled trees. The idea was not to just give information to official work crews, but to allow ordinary citizens to organize themselves. Anyone with a shovel (铁锹) and a strong back could check the map for a site nearby and go. It has since been used in snow emergencies in other cities, including New York.
J. How can you be sure the information on a crowdsource site is trustworthy Well, you can"t. But Ushahidi is taking a stab at vetting (审查) its data through, of course, crowdsourcing. Its Swift River project aggregates and plots on maps not only data sent or texted to Ushahidi, but combines it with data from Twitter, YouTube and other sources. When data comes in, anyone can rate it for trustworthiness. The higher the rating it gets, the more prominently it is displayed.
K. Crowdsourcing can aggregate ideas as well as data. The California-based design firm Ideo has a site called openideo.com, which posts various challenges: How can we get people to register to be bone-marrow donors How can we use cell phones to improve maternal health in poor countries How can we get kids more interested in eating fresh food Each challenge has a financial sponsor: a group interested in solving the problem—the kids and food challenge, for example, was sponsored by British chef and healthy food crusader (拥护者) Jamie Oliver.
L. The process collects random ideas from the public, winnows (筛选) them down by theme and then asks readers to refine the ideas. The public then votes. Jamie Oliver"s organization has launched a project with OpenIDEO, an initiative to help working people cook more. But this was not one of the winning ideas. "People want to be thought of as something other than a source of money. They want to be thought of as creative, thinking people," said Ethan Zuckerman, a senior researcher at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard. "It"s not hard to contribute ideas, but the question is how helpful it is."
M. Crowdsourcing is also, of course, frequently used in journalism. Many media organizations now turn to readers for their experiences and for reporting help, but few do so as consistently and productively as ProPublica, a nonprofit group that produces investigative journalism that is published in media around the country, including in The Times . ProPublica"s Distributed Reporting Project has asked for information and tips from people affected by a variety of issues, including the Gulf oil spill and the mortgage and loan crisis.
N. A request for information from people who had tried to modify their home loans brought some 3000 responses, said Amanda Michel, ProPublica"s director of online engagement. Those contacted were asked to document their claims. ProPublica was aware its sample was far from random, but that wasn"t the aim. "We can take a much more subtle and granular (颗粒状的) look at complex processes by learning about the experiences of several thousand people," said Michel. "We"re not relying on a government official to tell us what is the average bad experience."
O. Readers can not only provide information to reporters about their own experiences, they can be reporters. For example, for its Stimulus Spot Check, ProPublica recruited readers to " rummage around (翻找) on the state"s Department of Transportation Web site and make several follow-up calls over the next week" to see how some 500 road and bridge projects were doing. They were given instructions on how to find out whether projects had been started, which companies had the contracts and how many jobs were produced.Innocentive.com uses online crowdsourcing to help companies solve certain scientific and technological problems.

参考答案：B[解析] 由Innocentive.com定位到B段倒数第二句。
同义转述题。由定位句可知，Innocent...

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8.填空题For those anxious about committing to a master"s degree, there is the post-baccalaureate (学士后) certificate. Usually a four- to seven-course, self-contained certificate provides 1 academic study, or job-specific skills training, with a minimum 2 of time and money, and potentially significant payback.
Nearly 51000 people earned the certificate in 2010—a 46 percent increase in five years. For men, having the certificate adds an average 25 percent in earnings; for women, who tend toward less 3 fields such as teaching and health care, the 4 is an average 13 percent, according to research from Georgetown University"s Center on Education and the Workforce. About 3 percent of the workforce—or 4 million workers—have certificates.
Certificates are market-driven. Colleges and universities, alert to evolving workplace requirements (and business opportunities in higher education), 5 gaps in education and training that appeal to adult students looking for a way to stand out or retool (重新安排) their careers.
In some fields, especially health care, education, counseling, engineering and technology, certificates provide compulsory training for certain jobs or promotions, or make one 6 for higher pay scales. In other fields (arts management, interior design, public relations), the certificate shows interest and acquired knowledge in an area that is likely helpful in performing a job. Other certificates reflect 7 in areas so new, or quickly changing, that a demonstrated specialty can put a job applicant in front of the pack: homeland security, sports industry management. Some are purely 8 (African American studies), and some are training-specific (clinical research administration).
If you can think of a specialty or job skill you want, there is probably a certificate, and a school-on-ground or online—that will qualify you in the subject. But it is a buyer-beware marketplace, education experts say. A certificate can run into the thousands of dollars (American University"s 15-credit online digital media skills certificate costs $12000), so job 9 and schools should be researched before 10 on.
A. academic
B. boost
C. distinguish
D. eligible
E. identify
F. insisting
G. investment
H. involvement
I. limitations
J. prospects
K. signing
L. specialized
M. specified
N. strengths
O. technical

参考答案：E动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个动词作句子的谓语。本句前半部分提到高校留心逐渐演变的工作场所需求(和高等教育...

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9.单项选择题According to the most recent American Freshman survey, conducted annually by the University of California, Los Angeles, undergraduates" chief objective in life is to be financially well-off. For this new crop of college students, attaining wealth ranks higher than raising a family and becoming an authority in their chosen field. Moreover, they listed their primary factor in choosing a school program as whether the graduates get good jobs.
Long gone are the days of attending college to develop a "meaningful philosophy of life", which was the top concern for freshmen in 1971. Now, students focus on employability and potential earnings, both reflected in the undergraduate majors they pursue. But are men and women"s choice of college majors equally stacked in terms of job openings and future salary Close, but not quite. The most popular college major for both men and women, according to the US Department of Education"s latest figures, is business. In 2008 business degrees were awarded to 21% of the 1.6 million graduates who received a bachelor"s. And women received nearly half (49%) of those practical business degrees. As an undergraduate major, business is broad enough to offer several career possibilities. It equips students to work in finance, sales, consulting, marketing and management positions. It"s also impressive enough to help graduates land a job.
However, men still dominate many of the majors with the highest earning potential. Engineering ranks at No. 3 on the list of men"s most popular majors, and 83.2% of students in the major are men. Meanwhile, it is absent from women"s top-10 list. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) expects the field of engineering to grow 11% by 2018 and estimates it pays an average $132000 to the top 10% of workers. Similarly, men make up the vast majority (82.4%) of computer and information science majors. This is another field that will be in demand and well-paid. The BLS projects job openings for computer and information scientists will increase 24% in the next decade. Top talent earns an average of $155000.
As may be expected, women do still dominate many of the traditionally "soft" majors. On the list of women"s most popular majors, education (No. 4), English (No. 9) and liberal arts (No. 10) rank far above their positions on men"s list. These fields of study lead themselves to careers like teaching, writing and editing, public relations or sales. While there are well-paid positions in these fields, median salaries range between $35000 and $55000. Interestingly, the appeal of studying education seems to be slipping. Over the last decade education degrees have decreased 3%, though women still dominate the major and receive 85.4% of education degrees.Why is business the most popular college major for both men and women

A．Because business is comparatively easy for them to learn.
B．Because business is broad enough for them to land a job in the future.
C．Because they all dream to be business leaders.
D．Because colleges provide the best education in business major.

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10.单项选择题Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor-husband-and-wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure.
If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly The unhappily married couple, in most cases, remains together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage.
The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage.
The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic "cement" holding their marriage together.
Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses (支持物) has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e.g. division of property, alimony (赡养费), child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.
Marital stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners.
Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government subsidized (信贷津贴) AFDC payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government subsidized payments.According to the third paragraph, family stability depends on ______.

A．the couples" ability to earn money
B．the relative balance between benefits and costs of marriage
C．how much possessions the couple have before the marriage
D．a network of social and legal support

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