Issues concerning human learning are among the critical topics in educational psychology，child development，and cognitive science.One central focus has been on the issue of why students【M1】______learn and teachers teach best，and discovery learning versus direct instruction has been a contented debate in modern educational【M2】______theory and practice.Stemmed from the theoretical perspective of【M3】______constructivism，discovery learning is believed to be a tool for facilitating the creation and organization of knowledge，as well as the transfer of that knowledge across different contexts.This approach contrasts with views that emphasize direct instruction from teacher to student.This entry addresses the following central issues：how discovery learning is defined，the empirical evidence in favor of discovery learning or direct instruction，and the facilitation of discovery and transfer.Discovery learning is a general approach that involves minded participation and active inquiry in the acquisition of【M4】______concepts and strategies.In classroom contexts，it refers to a form.of curriculum which students are encouraged to actively explore【M5】______and figure out the concepts，solutions，or strategies at the hand.A【M6】______widely accepted idea is that discovery learning is the least【M7】______appropriate and effective approach to facilitate deep and lasting【M8】______understanding.This approach is often contrasted with direct instruction or expository learning，which typically refers traditional，【M9】______content-oriented methods that the instructor lectures to students.【M10】______Learning associated with direct instruction is often believed to be less engaged and less active，and thus less effective.

There are more drugs dispensed for pain than for any other disease on this planet.Drug companies enjoy earning huge profits from people suffering with chronic pain.Pain management clinics flourish throughout the world.Most conventional medicine【M1】______prescribed for pain addresses a contemporary symptom removal（if【M2】______you are lucky）rather than curing the cause of the pain.There are many ’pain management’drugs and techniques.Most of these will dry up to your savings and at the end of the day you will still suffer【M3】______from pain.This is not the worst part，but rather what your liver，kidneys【M4】______and other organic eventually become poisoned by long-term use of【M5】______synthetic drugs that is the most devastating to your health.Pain drugs are also addicted which will eventually cause other diseases.【M6】______Useful pain management techniques，whether they involve【M7】______poisonous drugs，pulsating your body parts with low voltage，rubbing your skin or using other inventions，only postpone the agony while the disease behind it will continue thriving.Many smart philosophers mention that the best way to keep young and healthy is to put food in your mouth that is healing：e.g.treat your food as your medicine while your medicine as your【M8】______food.People following this simple prescription live to be good into【M9】______their nineties or even hundreds and they feel thirty to fifty years younger than they really are.Cultures follow this principle have【M10】______some of the healthiest seniors around.

Over the years，Ive heard a fair number of slurs shouted at campus cops.Seldom were they ’pig’or ’fascist.’Far more often，they diminished the power of the officer，using words like ’fake cop’or ’rent-a-cop’.This is which the power and class dynamics【M1】______get tricky.They are real cops.Employing by California，they are【M2】______agents of the state.Theyve got weapons.And the payment is not【M3】______bad at all.On the other hand，campus police at U.C.Berkeley and U.C.Davis，patrol kids whod call them failures if they grew up to be【M4】______cops；kids who have more opportunities than the children of the campus cops；kids who will most be more successful than campus【M5】______cops；kids who even enjoy the ultimate loyalty of U.C.faculty and most administrators.Just look at what happened before U.C.【M6】______Berkeley administrators sent in cops with batons，and U.C.Davis administrators sent in cops with pepper spray.Predictive quarrels【M7】______occurred.Batons and pepper spray were used.Images leaked.And suddenly administrators were launching investigations!And【M8】______issuing statements about how deeply they cared for the students!Did they fail to anticipate that the weapons would be turned on passive protesters？They d do well to read ’Shooting an Elephant，’George Orwells reflection on his time as a British imperial police officer in Burma，if so.To be clear，I dont think imperialism is an apt analogy when police forcibly remove from Occupy Cal or Davis【M9】______protesters.And I do think Orwell helps us understand why officers【M10】______who arent monsters might use wildly excessive force.