严复是中国思想史上第一个系统介绍西方学术的启蒙思想家，他的译著 《群学肆言》译自英国社会学家斯宾塞 (Herbert Spencer) 所著的 The Study of Sociology （今译作：《社会学研究》）。请仔细比较斯宾塞的原文与严复的译文， 并指出严复是如何通过调整语序和增加原文所无词句来将原文的含义更加明 确畅达地传达给当时的译文读者的？请试着将原文翻译成忠实通顺的现代汉 语。最后请结合这个案例谈谈你对翻译标准的认识。 
（选自刘敬国、何刚强主编的《翻译通论》，外语教学与研究出版社，2011：94-95.）：
原文 :
From the intrinsic natures of its facts, from our own natures as observers of its facts, and from the peculiar relation in which we stand towards the facts to be observed, there arise impediments in the way of Sociology greater than those in the way of any other science. The phenomena to be generalized are not of a directly-perceptible kind— cannot be noted by telescope and clock, like those of Astronomy; cannot be measured by dynamometer and thermometer, like those of Physics; cannot be elucidated by scales and test-papers, like those of Chemistry; are not to be got at by scalpel and microscope, like the less obvious biological phenomena;nor are to be recognized by introspection, like the phenomena Psychology deals with. They have severally to be established by putting together many details, no one of which is simple, and which are dispersed, both in Space and Time, in ways that make them difficult of access. Hence the reason why even cardinal truths in Sociology, such as the division of labour, remain long unrecognized. That in advanced societies men follow different occupations, was indeed a generalization easy to make; but that this form of social arrangement had neither been specially created, nor enacted by a king, but had grown up without forethought of any one, was a conclusion which could be reached only after many transactions of many kinds between men had been noted, remembered, and accounted for, and only after comparisons had been made between these transactions and those taking place between men in simpler societies and in earlier times. And when it is remembered that the data for the inference that labour becomes specialized, are far more accessible than the data for most other sociological inferences, it will be seen how greatly the advance of Sociology is hindered by the nature of its subject-matter.