Supply chain management consists of firms collaborating to leverage strategic positioning and to improve operating efficiency.

（） is a system of unitized multimodal land transportation of transport by road and rail.

Usually， the straight bill of lading is non-negotiable， that is， the goods must be sent to the consignee named in the bill of lading by the carrier.

When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.

Currently， different types of multimodal transport operations involving different combinations are taking place.（）transport does not refer to multimodal transport.

There are three major routes of container transportation： Far East to North America， Far East to Europe and Mediterranean， North America to Europe and Mediterranean.

（） means that the seller delivers the goods， clears for export， to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.

The Bareboat Chartering means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the Charterer for a certain period employment without any crew.

For transport of hazardous materials， truckers need a licence， which usually requires them to pass an exam.

In（）the bunker is payable by the shipowner.